Night Creature Blue Moon Chapter 38 Free Essays

I ought to have pummeled the entryway, however I couldn’t. I was attached to the floor in the foyer, incapable to drag my eyes from the sight before me. Clyde’s body twisted; his shoulders slouched; his legs bowed. We will compose a custom article test on Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 38 or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now He tossed back his head and wailed. The sound destroyed ice my spine. The scalawags delayed in their flight and replied. His garments split open with a screech of severing material and blasting creases. His shoes appeared to detonate and paws jumped out. He dropped to each of the fours and the hands that got him had hooks. Dark hair grew from each pore, thickening, protracting, turning out to be hide. A tail emitted from his spine. The exact opposite thing to change was his head. I detected development behind me, yet I couldn’t tear my look away. I prepared myself, expecting Mandenauer to shoot. In any case, he didn’t. Odd, he’d never faltered. The flying of bones, the extending of skin, caused a shocking sound. I flinched as Clyde completed the change. His nose and his mouth extended, merging into a nose. His teeth developed; his tongue must have, as well, since it lolled out the side of his mouth. His forehead swell. At the point when he swung his head toward us his face was that of a cleaned wolf with Clyde’s eyes. Terrible. I wanted for the hide to show up. My desire was before long conceded. Dark hair streamed over his face, darkening the bones that damaged his cinnamon skin. He shook himself as though he’d simply come out of the water, at that point moved in the direction of me. I wheezed. Clyde was the dark wolf that had hounded my means and frequented my fantasies. He was in all probability the wolf that had nibbled Karen Larson and innumerable others. The gunfire made me shout and tumble to the floor, surrendering before my face. My ears rang, yet I despite everything heard Clyde yell. I didn’t need to look, however I needed to. Blazes burst from a slick gap close to his heart. The fragrance of seared hair and cooking meat filled the air. The cry of a wolf, the call of a man †he squirmed miserably, bending, turning, his hooks scrabbling against the boards of the yard as he kicked the bucket. I remained on the ground. I couldn’t gain my feet. Man-denauer ventured around me and pushed at Clyde wkh his boot. The wolf’s head lolled sickeningly. I inclined my back against the lodge divider. I was feeble, limp. I couldn’t quit gazing at what had once been my chief. I’d loved Clyde, believed him as much as I confided in anybody †aside from possibly Zee. I couldn’t get my brain around the possibility that he’d perpetually be a wolf. That Clyde could never again spit bite or statement Clint. â€Å"Why did you let him finish the change before you shot him?† â€Å"It is simpler to clarify a dead wolf than a dead sheriff.† His look cleared the woodland. â€Å"We must go.† â€Å"Go? Where? We got him.† â€Å"The sheriff was simply a follower of fiendishness. The person who will become remains.† â€Å"How you figure?† Mandenauer flicked me a disdainful look. â€Å"If he was the one, for what reason did he give the totem to the others?† I hadn’t thought of that. Damn. â€Å"Listen,† Mandenauer murmured. Out there the wolves called to each other. There were a greater amount of them now. The ones who had been here had joined the individuals who held up there. With their pioneer. I looked at the sky. The blue moon had not yet arrived at the pinnacle. Our night had just started. I battled to my knees, picked up my feet without assistance. I searched for Will and didn’t discover him. Had he dropped from blood misfortune? I stepped toward the entryway and Mandenauer halted me. â€Å"Your darling is putting a gauze on his scratch. He needn't bother with your aid.† â€Å"You consider that a scratch?† â€Å"You do not?† â€Å"I state a gap through the arm is an injury and not a scratch.† â€Å"I state in the event that you can walk, at that point walk.† I tore my look from the lodge. â€Å"You attempting to let me know something?† â€Å"Follow those wolves.† â€Å"I just realized you were going to state that.† I followed inside, recovered my rifle, went scanning for Will. To damnation with Mandenauer; I wasn’t going to leave until I witnesses firsthand that Will was okay. I followed the blood trail to the washroom. Will attempted to attach bandage around his arm with one hand. He looked up and his eyes met mine in the mirror. He didn’t seem glad to see me. â€Å"Let me.† I ventured into the room, inclining my rifle against the divider. â€Å"It’s done.† He got one finish of the bandage with his teeth, the other with his free hand, and twitched. His breath murmured in forcefully when the material fixed on the injury. â€Å"Maybe you ought to go to the center and get stitches.† â€Å"I don’t need lines. It’s only a scratch.† My lips jerked. â€Å"Scratch. Right. Shouldn't something be said about your ear?† He shrugged one shoulder. The blood that had washed his neck broke, and rust-shaded bits descended upon his previously destroyed garments. â€Å"I’ll live.† â€Å"Jessie!† Mandenauer yelled. â€Å"Today on the off chance that you please?† I ventured nearer and smoothed his hair away from his forehead. â€Å"I need to go.† He moved suddenly, his body knocking against mine in manners that would have been fascinating in the event that he weren’t canvassed in blood and I didn’t have spots to be, werewolves to murder. â€Å"Let me change my shirt.† â€Å"You aren’t coming.† â€Å"Yes.† His eyes met mine. â€Å"I am.† â€Å"Now that Clyde’s dead they need a wolf tribe part. Bringing you along would be out and out stupid.† â€Å"I can deal with myself.† â€Å"So can I. Remain here. Tidy up. Rest. I’ll return when it’s over.† â€Å"You figure I can simply stay here while you face a werewolf armed force? Hold up like a decent young man until you have the opportunity to come to me once more? I love you, Jessie. On the off chance that you kick the bucket, so do I.† The idea of him biting the dust made my palms moist and my voice sharp. â€Å"I’m not going to kick the bucket nor are you. Simply let me carry out my responsibility, Will.† â€Å"Let me help.† â€Å"I don’t need your help.† â€Å"Of course not. You don’t need anyone.† His voice rose and outrage warred with the torment in his eyes. â€Å"You surely don’t need me. You never did.† â€Å"Jessie.† Mandenauer remained in the corridor. Earnestness fixed his highlights. I looked at Will. I needed to remain, yet I needed to go. I needed to kiss him, however he dismissed and began the shower. â€Å"I’ll be back,† I guaranteed. He didn’t answer, and that disturbed me more than his indignation and agony had. Torn between my activity, my obligation, and my adoration, I faltered. At long last, I had no way out. I followed Mandenauer and he followed the wolves. Instructions to refer to Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 38, Essay models

Compare and Contrast “To Room Nineteen” and “Death by Landscape” Essay

In the short stories â€Å"To Room Nineteen† by Doris Lessing and â€Å"Death By Landscape† by Margaret Atwood, two ladies wind up disengaged from the world and the individuals around them. This paper will look into every story to show that albeit both female heroes are disconnected by their conditions, their individual reactions to their conditions are totally different. In â€Å"To Room Nineteen† Susan’s segregation is brought about by various variables: society and the time she lives in, an unfaithful spouse in a messed up marriage, and her own powerlessness to manage her troubled life. â€Å"†¦She realized he had been unfaithful due to his bleak air, and his looks at her, like hers at him: What is that I share with this individual that shields all joy from me?† (p. 871) Susan feels caught by her life and her family, and tormented by her husband’s betrayal and the information that this social standard which she should figure out how to acknowledge. In â€Å"Death via Landscape† Lois’ disengagement is from the reality she is left with no family. Her children have grown up and ventured out from home and she is a widow. This leaves her with nobody to help or care for her. â€Å"While Rob was alive, while the young men were growing up, she could imagine she didn’t hear it, this vacant space in sound. Be that as it may, presently there is not a lot left to occupy her.† (p. 35) Lois is tormented by her past instead of her present, the horrendous experience of a beloved companion vanishing has stayed with her for a long time. In the two stories the heroes share the contention of the conditions they live in - mistreatment from outside force. For Lois, she is always unable to very proceed onward from her friend’s vanishing. â€Å"She could never go up North, to Rob’s family house or to wherever with wild lakes and wild trees and the calls of loons.† (p.35) One of the main considerations of her contention is the aftereffect of her youth camp pioneer Cappie, attempting to unjustifiably censure her for the demise or vanishing of her companion Lucy: â€Å"Didn’t what? Says Cappie delicately. Didn’t what, Lois? Lois does the most exceedingly terrible thing she starts to cry. Cappie gives her a resemble a jump. She’s got what she wanted.† (p.34) Susan is confined by her own despondency and developing mental precariousness. She battles to keep up appearances and satisfy cultural hopes. â€Å"She said to Matthew in their room: I think there must be a major issue with me.† (p.875) Her significant other is no help to her and as he keeps on carrying on an issue, the separation between them increments, just as her sentiments of disconnection. Susan enlists a caretaker to maintain a strategic distance from the obligations of her family so as to attempt to get away from them. She finds a room at an unknown hotel, which she utilizes as relief yet this just enhances her sentiments of detachment and dejection. The key contrast between the two heroes is that after some time, Lois can grapple with her contention and figure out how to acknowledge it. She understands that her friend’s vanishing isn't her deficiency; the camp head basically required somebody to fault. For Cappie, having no clarification for Lucy’s vanishing is just a lot to grasp. In spite of the fact that the experience despite everything frequents her, Lois attempts to proceed onward with her life. Susan, be that as it may, succumbs to her contention. She can't adapt, when her significant other goes up against her inquiring as to whether she is having an unsanctioned romance, she can't confront the possibility of dealing with reality and truth of her life. Seeing no limit to her battles, Susan chooses to end it all in room 19. The two ladies are confined from the world and the individuals around them due to some extent to the conditions of their lives. Albeit the two situations are altogether different, they are the underlying driver of the contention of the universes where the two ladies try to expel themselves from. Each character takes an alternate way that drives eventually to the contrast among life and demise.

40 Questions That Can Build Intimacy in a Relationship

40 Questions That Can Build Intimacy in a Relationship More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Intimacy in the marriage or partner relationship  can seem to suffer when our families are at their busiest, whether its just the two of you or youre chauffeuring kids around all over town.  Its hard to find time to strengthen love when were running  to work, scouts, business meetings, soccer, piano lessons, and family and community events. By the end of the day, were usually exhausted. By the end of the week, that date night we might have planned tends to get swapped for vegging out in front of the TV and binge-watching the latest show on Netflix. While this is totally fineâ€"in fact, its a pretty normal stage of lifeâ€"remember when you were dating? The way you hung on each others every word? How you wanted to know everything you could about each other? We all know you cant exactly recreate that feelingâ€"after all, youve been living with this person for however many years and so the mystery is pretty much gone (thank you, bathroom habits and childbirth). Its definitely easy to get so caught up in the mundane rhythms of life that you sort of lose track of each other and who youre each becoming. That other person you knew so well can start to look like a stranger when you dont take the time to live in each others worlds and connect. 1:50 Questions and Tips For Building Intimacy In Your Relationship Questions to Build Intimacy Studies have shown that communication and self-disclosure can help to build intimacy in marital relationships.?? Simply taking the time to chat with your spouse or loved one can make your bond stronger. In contrast, lack of communication can signal marital problems. Researchers have long known that when couples dont communicate effectively, troubles may arise.?? If youre feeling distant from your partner or spouse, and even if youre not, try taking some time to talk about your answers to the following questions the next time you find yourselves relaxing on the couch or finally stumbling into bed, even if you just go through one or two here and there. You may find that the frank discussions that can result will help you and your partner grow closer and get to know each other even better. If you could choose anyone in the world, living or dead, to have in our home as a dinner guest, who would you choose and why?If you could choose the activities to do that would make a perfect day, what would you choose?If you had a crystal ball that could tell you anything at all about your life that you don’t already know, what would you ask it to tell you?Whats your favorite childhood memory?What are the ten most important things on your personal bucket list?When did you last cry about something and what did you cry about?If you could wake up tomorrow morning with one new skill or ability, what would you choose?What do you like best about our relationship?Whats something that youd like to try, but that youre too scared to try?If all of your friends were asked to describe you, which friend’s description would be the most accurate and why?What was your favorite book (or movie) as a child and why did you like it so much?Whats the one thing about yourself that you would most like t o change?What would be your dream vacation?What are three qualities you admire about yourself?What are three qualities you admire about me?Whats one of your best memories from when we were dating?What was your favorite place to go as a child and why did you love it there?If you could be any character in a book (or movie), who would you choose to be?If all of a sudden you knew that you had 6 weeks left to live, what would you want to do in the time you had left?What  three things in your life could  you not imagine doing without?Lets say that our house is on fire, but you know that our family members and pets are safe.  What things would you want to rescue from the fire and why?If someone gave you enough money to start a businessâ€"no strings attachedâ€"what kind of business would you want to start?What are the five things that you are most thankful for right now?If you could possess one artistic talent (painting, sculpture, composing music, writing, etc.), which talent would you cho ose and why?If you could be an Olympic or professional athlete, what sport would you choose and why?Do you see yourself in our kid(s)? If so, how?When you were a kid, did you think about having kids yourself one day? If so, how many and what did you imagine doing with them?Whats one of the most adventurous things you have ever done?If you could have been an eyewitness to any event in history, which one would you choose?What do you dream about the most often?Which of your parents do you think youre most like and why?What was the first thing about me that attracted you?What do you like most about your appearance?Over the last five years, how do you think you have changed?If you could take a year-long paid sabbatical, what would you do?If you had to guess right now, what do you think our kid(s) would choose as a career someday and why?When you think about the future, what do you imagine?When you listen to music, do you focus on the words or the music?Do you learn new skills or informat ion best by hearing, seeing, or doing?If you could plan the perfect date with me, what would that include? 7 Ways Men Can Grow Intimacy in Marriage

Pregnancy and Breast Tissue - 1007 Words

Question 1 | 1 points | Save | | Examination of the vaginal and cervical surfaces with a special magnifying instrument is called a ________scopy. | | | | | | | | colpo | | | vagino | | | cervico | | | culdo | | | | | | Question 2 | 1 points | Save | | ________itis is the inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix. | | | | | | | | Intercervic | | | Endometr | | | Endocervic | | | Perimetr | | | | | | Question 3 | 1 points | Save | | ________tion is the production of nutrient-rich milk by the mammary glands. | | | | | | | | Galacta | | | Masta | | | Lacta | | | Mammota | | | | | |†¦show more content†¦east tissue microscopically | | | X-ray imaging of the breast | | | | | | Question 21 | 1 points | Save | | Measurement of the mothers pelvis to determine its capacity for a vaginal birth is called: | | | | | | | | Culdocentesis | | | Fetal monitoring | | | Laparoscopy | | | Pelvimetry | | | | | | Question 22 | 1 points | Save | | Surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis is: | | | | | | | | Culdocentesis | | | Laparoscopy | | | Amniocentesis | | | Conization | | | | | | Question 23 | 1 points | Save | | Visual examination of the abdominal cavity after making a small incision near a womans navel and inserting an illuminated tube is called: | | | | | | | | Conization | | | Laparoscopy | | | Fetal monitoring | | | Culdocentesis | | | | | | Question 24 | 1 points | Save | | Removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix for biopsy is called: | | | | | | | | Pelvimetry | | | Conization | | | Amniocentesis | | | Culdocentesis | | | | | | Question 25 | 1 points | Save | | Use of electrocardiography to record the fetal heart rate during labor is part of: | | | | | | | | Alpha-fetoprotein testing | | | Amniocentesis | | | Fetal monitoring | | | CVS | | | | | | Question 26 | 1Show MoreRelatedAdexna Uteri Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pagesmembranous sac surrounding the developing fetus amniotic fluid- fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus anovulatory- not accompanied by ovulation (release of eggs from the ovary) areola- dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple Bartholin Glands- two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse bilateral oophorectomy- removal of both ovaries cephalic version- pertaining to the act of turning the head cervix- neckRead MoreAbortion And Abortion Essay874 Words   |  4 Pagesscholarly peer-reviewed article by medical doctor Jane Anderson contains easily understandable information about the abortion-breast cancer link. The introduction of the article succinctly states that induced abortion (IA) prior to 32 weeks of gestation seems to increase a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer. Anderson then adds that the association between abortion and breast cancer is largely ignored by the mainstream medical community and even disputed by some. She then includes a quote by theRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Most Common Types Of Cancer811 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. â€Å"With 55,222 new cases in the UK alone in 2014†. (Cancer Research UK Org) http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/breast-cancer [02 April 2017] With hundreds of foundations and charities built for people s truggling with breast cancer there are a numerous amount of treatment and preventions. However, breast cancer is a disease where cancerous breast cells grow rapidly and out of controlRead MoreBreast Cancer is All Over the World1298 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer is all over the world. It doesn’t just affect older women, it affects young women and men. Breast Cancer is a cancerous tumor that has developed within the cells of the breast. The most ordinary area in the breast for breast cancer to develop is the ducts, and less ordinary in the lobules of the breast. The cancerous cells can intrude healthy breast tissue over time, or cells can break off from the tumor and travel to the lymph nodes and into the lymphatic system which could takeRead MoreScientific Writing : On Breast Cancer1594 Words   |  7 PagesShould fibroadenoma be removed? Do you think fibroadenoma causes breast cancer? â€Å"Women with fibroadenomas are 1  ½ to 2 times the risk of breast cancer with no breast changes.†(American Cancer Society, 2014) Fibroadenoma is a common benign breast lesion that occurs in young women between the ages of 15-35. (American Cancer Society, 2014) This tumor is painless with a small, firm, and well-shaped, it’s also easily moveable within the breast. This disease has a size of about 5cm but it conventionally varie sRead MoreBreast Cancer : Risk Factors And Prevention1526 Words   |  7 PagesBreast Cancer: Risk Factors and Prevention When malignant cells form in the tissues of the breast, breast cancer occurs. One in 8 women are diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime (Stuckey, 2011). Breast cancer also occurs in men; however, the number of cases is small compared to women accounting for only 1% of the breast cancer cases in the United States (Stuckey, 2011). Breast cancer is the third most frequent type of cancer in the world (Stuckey, 2011), and the second most common typeRead MoreAbortion During The Middle Of The 3 Millennium B.c1624 Words   |  7 Pagesand medicated. Medicated abortion depends what stage of pregnancy women has. It has to be less than 9-12 weeks. Medical or pharmaceutical abortion, this is a provocation of spontaneous abortion using drugs. Surgical abortion is the second type of abortion with using medical tools. Main methods of abortion are vacuum aspiration, dilation and curettage, and dilation and evacuation. The choice of the methods depends on the duration of pregnancy and the capabilities of a particular medical institutionRead MoreOne of the Most Well-Known Cancers in Todays Society, Breast Cancer1304 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer is one of the most well-known cancers in today’s society. Or is it? What does society know about breast cancer other than it obviously is cancer of the breast? Breast cancer is very well advertised with the pink ribbons, the commercials and advertisements, the Breast Cancer walks, and the promotional information given out regarding mammograms. In today’s world there are several cancers, but breast cancer is very prevalent among women and men. This paper is designed to rese arch whatRead MorePathogenesis And Treatment Of Breast Cancer1235 Words   |  5 Pagesout-of-control growth and spread of a group of abnormal cells, which can often times result in death. More specifically, breast cancer is a hormonally dependent disease, which causes malignancy in the epithelial cells of the ducts and/or lobules of the breast (Lippman, 2012). Therefore, â€Å"women without functioning ovaries, who never receive estrogen-replacement therapy, do not develop breast cancer† (Lippman, 2012). Genomic profiling has furthered research and understanding of this complex disease processRead MoreInformative Essay : Inflammatory Breast Cancer Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesInflammatory Breast Cancer Working as a nurse on a busy inpatient oncology unit can be rewarding. It is busy. It can be crazy. I see things that I would have never thought possible. Around Thanksgiving of 2012 I had a lady that came into the hospital with a host of problems. Before I could assess her and see what was happening, I had to peel off a very worn, purple, faux fur coat that was caked with blood. Removing her coat, I could see that her clothes were in similar shape. After going through

The Main Disagreements Between the Conservative, Labour...

The Main Disagreements Between the Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrat Parties The three main parties in UK politics, Labour, Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, are all based on greatly differing ideologies which can often lead to them having varying viewpoints on key issues. These differences can often lead to conflicts or disagreements between the parties over which policy will be most beneficial to the country. A particularly controversial and fiercely contested issue is the role of the United Kingdom in the future of the European Union. The Labour party are often considered to be pro-Europe although their policies do tend to keep Britains interests at heart. Their priorities for Europe†¦show more content†¦Like Labour, Liberals argue that the EU must be enlarged to guarantee its future survival although, unlike Labour, they do feel that EU institutions must be made more efficient. Another controversial political issue is that of constitutional reform. The Liberal Democrat and Labour policies in this area are very similar in the way that they both believe in devolution of power away from Westminster through regional assemblies. Both parties feel that many of the current political systems are outdated and must be modernised if political participation is to rise. The parties do differ however, on taxes. Labour have always strived to keep taxes as low as possible whilst attempting to strike a balance with good public services. The Liberal Democrats feel this can only be achieved if taxes are raised, therefore making the public pay for the improvements. As with the EU, Conservatives have greatly differing policies from the other two parties. They believe in the preservation of national sovereignty and traditional political methods. They are strongly opposed to the devolution proposed by the other parties and this even extends to Northern Ireland, which the Conse rvatives believe should be ruled from London. The whole issue of the welfare state and how much the state should provide for its people has been argued overShow MoreRelated‘the Major Uk Parties Agree More over Europe Than They Disagree.’ Discuss1277 Words   |  6 Pages‘The major UK parties agree more over Europe than they disagree.’ Discuss Throughout the history of European integration, the major UK parties have debated on all different aspects of Europe and the impacts of membership on Britain itself. From both these debates and party policies, it is clear to see that whilst there is generally a consensus over Europe, some issues have been a cause of disagreement among the major parties. In this essay I will analyse the policies and actions of the major UKRead Moreâ€Å"A written constitution, rather than gradual reform, is now essential for the UK to claim to be a modern democracy.†1246 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship between the different parts of government and citizens. 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Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly Free Essays

I believe we’re in a recovery stage of the business cycle. All the index calculations suggest this. The GDP and CPI indexes have increased over the last year and few months but unemployment index has remained unchanged over the last few months. We will write a custom essay sample on Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The economy has stabilized and there is slow growth. GDP index shows a . 4 percent increase in the fourth quarter of 2012 and a 1. 8 percent increase in the first quarter of 2013. This increase suggests recovery. CPI index shows has increase 1. percent for all of 2012 and shows a steady increase every month in 2013. There’s also has been a steady increase every year since 2009. This increase also shows recovery. Unemployment index has remained unchanged in June 2013 at 7. 6 percent from May 2013. It has remain constant for the last 5 months at around 7. 6 percent. It has decreased slightly from June 2013 when it was 8. 2 percent. If the unemployment decreases, it’s possible that would set us up for an economic boom. Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly? There are many factors that create price of gas fluctuation; war in the Middle East creating a shortage and production problems creating a shortage. When there’s a shortage, prices go up. What will happen as more and more people in China and India decide to buy automobiles? As more and more people in China and India buy automobiles, the demand for gas will increase. The increased demand for gas will exceed the supply and will cause a shortage. The shortage of gas will increase the price of gas. What would happen if most US consumers decided to drive electric cars? If most US consumers decided to drive electric cars the demand of gas would significantly decrease. The US is ranked the number 1 consumer of petroleum. If the demand of gas significantly decreased in the US, the supply of gas would most likely exceed the demand and make lower gas prices. How to cite Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly?, Papers

Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly Free Essays

I believe we’re in a recovery stage of the business cycle. All the index calculations suggest this. The GDP and CPI indexes have increased over the last year and few months but unemployment index has remained unchanged over the last few months. We will write a custom essay sample on Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The economy has stabilized and there is slow growth. GDP index shows a . 4 percent increase in the fourth quarter of 2012 and a 1. 8 percent increase in the first quarter of 2013. This increase suggests recovery. CPI index shows has increase 1. percent for all of 2012 and shows a steady increase every month in 2013. There’s also has been a steady increase every year since 2009. This increase also shows recovery. Unemployment index has remained unchanged in June 2013 at 7. 6 percent from May 2013. It has remain constant for the last 5 months at around 7. 6 percent. It has decreased slightly from June 2013 when it was 8. 2 percent. If the unemployment decreases, it’s possible that would set us up for an economic boom. Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly? There are many factors that create price of gas fluctuation; war in the Middle East creating a shortage and production problems creating a shortage. When there’s a shortage, prices go up. What will happen as more and more people in China and India decide to buy automobiles? As more and more people in China and India buy automobiles, the demand for gas will increase. The increased demand for gas will exceed the supply and will cause a shortage. The shortage of gas will increase the price of gas. What would happen if most US consumers decided to drive electric cars? If most US consumers decided to drive electric cars the demand of gas would significantly decrease. The US is ranked the number 1 consumer of petroleum. If the demand of gas significantly decreased in the US, the supply of gas would most likely exceed the demand and make lower gas prices. How to cite Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly?, Papers

Cardiac Phsiology Essay Example For Students

Cardiac Phsiology Essay The study of cardio physiology was broken up into five distinct parts all centering on the cardiovascular system. The first lab was utilization of the electrocardiogram (ECG). This studied the electrical activities of the heart by placing electrodes on different parts of the skin. This results in a graph on calibrated paper of these activities. These graphs are useful in the diagnosis of heart disease and heart abnormalities. Alongside natural heart abnormalities are those induced by chemical substances. The electrocardiogram is useful in showing how these chemicals adjust the electrical impulses that it induces. The second part of this lab was a computer simulation program to illustrate a frogs electrocardiogram using various drugs in an isolated setting. The computer program entitled Effects of Drugs on the Frog Heart allowed experimental conditions to be set for specific drugs.The different drugs used were calcium, digitalis, pilocarpine, atropine, potassium, epinephrine, caffeine , and nicotine. Each of these drugs caused a different electrocardiogram and beats per minute reading. The calcium-magnesium ration affects the permeability of the cell membrane(Fox). When calcium is placed directly on the heart it results in three physiological functions. The force of the heart increases while the cardiac rate decreases. It also causes the appearance of ectopic pacemakers in the ventricles, producing abnormal rhythms (Fox). Digitalis affect on the heart is very similar to that of calcium. It inhibits the sodium-potassium pump activated by ATP that promotes the uptake of extracellular calcium by the heart. This in return strengthens myocardial contraction (Springhouse). Pilocarpine on the other hand acts to decrease the heart rate. It achieves this by assisting in the release of acetylcholine from the vagus nerve. Atropine on the other hand block acetylcholine receptors thus decreasing cardiac rate. By placing potassium directly on the heart, its extracellular conce ntration increases thus decreasing the resting potential. This brings the resting potential closer to threshold and weakens myocardial contractions. Epinephrines action increases the strength of contraction and of the cardiac rate. Caffeine is a stimulant that also increases the strength of contraction and of the cardiac rate. It inhibits phosphodiesterase that breaks down cyclic AMP thus causing an increase in cAMP levels. Nicotine actively binds to the nicotinic receptors causing stimulation of the parasympathetic ganglia. This in returns slows the heart rate. By listening to chest one can hear the actual mechanical contraction of the heart. Upon the closure of the valves a lub can be heard and the semilunar valves shut a dub is heard. Using this technique, diagnosis of a heart murmur can be made. The relative opening of the foramen ovale can cause this condition. Adding a device known as a sphygmomanometer and listening to the brachial artery is how blood pressure is taken. Blood pressure is highly dependent on cardiac output and peripheral resistance. Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. The resistance the blood receives flowing through the arterioles is peripheral resistance. As a result of this, blood pressure can be controlled by dilation and constriction of arterioles. Upon measuring blood pressure, on should be able to hear five phases of sound. These phases are:1. A loud clear tapping. 3.A loud thumping following the murmurs. In determining how fit we are a number of test can be used. This can include but is not limited to the ECG, blood pressure, and/or pulse rate. By taking the pulse under various conditions the maximum cardiac rate can be estimated. Trend wise, a non-athlete will reach their maximum cardiac output at a lower workload than an athlete. Although not completely accurate, this can be a very good indicator of fitness.In order to carry out the electrocardiogram experiment a number of materials needed to be obtained. Three disposable electrodes along with the electrode gel were needed. The BIOPAC program, Mac Computer, and the SS 2L lead (black, red, white) were used to collect data on the subject. The electrodes were connected to the body (skin). The black lead was placed on the anterior right leg just above the ankle joint. The same was done with the red lead expect placement was on the left leg. The white lead was placed on the right wrist just above the palm. After correct placement of the se electrodes, the SS 2L lead was connected to the CH 2 port. Lesson 3 was opened and the setup icon was clicked. After the setup as completed, record was clicked and the ECG recorded for 30 seconds. This was done while the subject was sitting relaxed. Using the I-beam tool, peak-to-peak measurements were taken. This value was the inter-beat interval. With that number, beat per minute was found (BPM = 60 / IBI). Essay On Telemachos EssayBibliography:The Parkinsons Institute. 29 Feb. 2000 Lieberman, Dr. National Parkinson Foundation, Inc. Copyright 1996-2000. 31 Mar. 2000Brady, John. Parkinsons Information. 1998. 13 Feb. 2000 Tuen, Charles M.D. Neuroland. 22 July 1998. 1 Apr. 2000

The Crucible, By Arthur Miller, Is A Fact-based Story About A Town Cal

The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is a fact-based story about a town called Salem and it's unjust people. Salem, was a town ruled and governed by religion. Things such as games, newspapers, or anything alien to their small town were considered evil. Though a strict, religion-based town might sound appealing to some, the town had many problems. One such problem was the witch trials that took place in Judge Hathorne's Court. In these trials little girls would sit in the front and the elder people in the back. Judge Hathorne would sit in the middle with the defendant sitting in a chair to the right. The defendant would be questioned and interrogated like any case held in court today. Then the girls in the front would put on a show that the person was "grasping them with a chilly hand " or attempting to kill them. After this the defendant would be sentenced, usually to hanging. I pitty those girls. It's amazing that a show put on by such adolesence could end a persons life without factual proof. I think, on a more positive note, that Tituba was a strong character in Salem. Tituba told the children stories of which they'd never heard. Tituba influenced them to think beyond which their parents and teachers had instilled and enlogged inside their heads. But my views aren't agreed with by Abigail who shouts, "She sends her spirit on me in church; she makes me laugh at prayer." (p44) Many times, Tituba is accused of witchcraft and "compacting with the devil." This is sad because all Tituba's intentions are two show the children that there'' more to life than Salem wants them to see. On the whole, The Crucible is a story that has greal moral and has many lessons to be learned(as well as other Arthur Miller selections)

What Is A Flat Character †Definition and Definitive Examples

What Is A Flat Character s What is a Flat Character? (And How to Fix One) â€Å"Riddled with flat characters† is perhaps the most damning thing you can hear from an editor or reviewer. An accusation that your characters read like a cardboard cut-outs is like a knife in the heart of any fledgling writer. But having a flat character or two isn't the end of the world  - or even the end of your story! And if you can learn how to turn a two-dimensional character into a three-dimensional one, you'll have a real leg up on all future character creation. Sometimes the hardest part is simply identifying when you  do  have a flat character on your hands... especially if you're not exactly sure what constitutes one. Which is why we want to illustrate exactly what is a flat character: with a clear definition, examples, and instructions on how to fix any flat characters you may come across in your writing. First off, let's talk about what this term means.What is a flat character?A flat character  is a character with little to no complex emotions, motivat ions, or personality. They also don't undergo any kind of change  to make them more well-rounded. In other words, they're the opposite of a "round character," who has a fully fleshed out profile and changes throughout the story. A flat character will typically:Have no internal conflictConform to a stereotypeNever experience character developmentLack a multi-faceted personalityWhereas a three-dimensional or round character will typically:Have internal conflictUndergo significant character developmentExperience mental and emotional changesHave a multi-faceted personalityFlat characters are also sometimes referred to as â€Å"one-dimensional† or â€Å"two-dimensional." Both of these monikers point to the same thing: a character who has very minimal complexity, and often renders the story less believable as a result. Are you accidentally writing a flat character? Learn more in this post Not all static characters are flatDon't make the mistake of conflating a flat character with a static character. â€Å"Static† (or its inverse, â€Å"dynamic†) strictly describes the amount of change that a character undergoes throughout the story. â€Å"Flat† is a referendum on the character's complexity. That means that, generally speaking, all two-dimensional characters are static, but not all static characters are two-dimensional. To learn more about the flip side of the equation, we wrote extensively about what makes a dynamic character here.Are flat characters bad?Again, having two-dimensional characters never spells automatic death for your book. And the occasional flat character can even benefit your narrative! Charles Dickens, for instance, was a genius at writing casts that were packed with memorable caricatures. Are Miss Havisham, Mrs Micawber, and Mr Jaggers flat characters? Absolutely - they have few complex characteristics and exist mostly to inter act with the main character of their respective stories. But does their flatness make them inherently uninteresting or irrelevant to the story? Not necessarily. Flat characters can fulfill a number of roles: they populate the environs of the protagonist’s journey, and can move the story along in a plot-driven book. You really just don't want your  main  character(s) to be flat, otherwise your audience will lose interest in them. Her animal friends are the most interesting thing about her. (Image: Buena Vista Pictures)6. Mary Jane from Spider-ManSummed up in one sentence: The girl next door who’s the object of Peter Parker’s affection. Purpose in the story: To be the damsel in distress whom Peter rescues time and time again.7. Karen Smith from Mean GirlsSummed up in one sentence: A popular high school student who isn’t the brightest bulb in the box. Purpose in the story: To be the comic relief. (Though, to be fair, she would unquestionably make a great weather reporter!)8. Mr Collins from Pride and PrejudiceSummed up in one sentence: A silly, pompous, vain, obsequious clergyman with narcissistic tendencies. Purpose in the story: To represent the stereotype of the silly, servile parts of British society that Jane Austen ends up eviscerating.So why do authors write flat characters?As you can see, authors utilize flat characters in a number of ways. Writers generally bring them out when:The story in question is extremely plot-driven. Genres such as detective novels and thrillers will feature more two-dimensional protagonists for this reason (i.e. Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes and The  Da Vinci Code’s Robert Langdon.)The story is simple enough that complex characters are unnecessary.  This is the case in many children's movies, such as the  Cinderella  example above.Minor characters are needed. These characters don’t need depth, as they exist in order to further a three-dimensional protagonist along on their journey.So a flat character isn't necessarily a  bad  character; it's all about how you use them. Some very popular stories make almost everyone into flat characters except the protagonist(s). However, when it comes to standard literature, it's usually best to steer clear when possible. As a general rule, the more complex and multi-dimensional you make your characters, the deeper you'll pull readers into the vivid world of you r story - and that goes for all  characters, not just the ones we see the most.Do you have any favorite flat characters? Have you included any two-dimensional characters in your own work? Let us know in the comments below.

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair - Essay Example Jurgis is young and energetic; hence it does not take long for him to get a job, just like do Marija, Jonas and Teta, who are their close relatives. The family agrees to purchase a house, but this does not materialize since the deal is simply a swindle; there are too many hidden aspects of the agreement, and the house is poorly maintained and shoddy. Later, we learn that the family’s expenses are enhanced, which forces even Ona to seek employment. It is really difficult to land a job in Packingtown because the working conditions are very hard and unsafe. Besides, there is no disregard for workers’ safety in this region. Moreover, the immigrant community in Packingtown is exposed to corruption and crime, which extremely complicates life in the area. We are informed that Dede Antanas, the father of Jurgis, lands a job, but, this he achieves through corrupt means. Late, the old man succumbs to death since the job he got was too difficult for him (Bloom 25). Winter accordin g to the author is the most dangerous period in Packington, and this even translates into the working conditions. For example, we are informed that the place that Jurgis works in brings risks into his life each time he goes for work. There are too many hardships as evidenced by various events in the novel. For example, Marija and Tamoszius are never able to marry due to financial difficulties. Later, Marija’s financial woes worsen since her factory closes down and she later loses her job. Jurgis is very stressed about these living conditions of his family members, which prompts him to join a union. It is at this union that Jurgis starts to get enlightened concerning corruption, fraud and bribery, three vices that make sure that Packingtown is able to conduct its affairs. Jurgis wants to improve his family woes very much to the point of starting to learn English. At Packingtown, it was easier to adjust to life if one was conversant with English since it was the language that w as used by most people (Bloom 37). From the tale, we learn that, Jurgis’ family members face extreme hardships as they try to settle in Packingtown permanently. We learn that Marija is fired from her job even after regaining it later, Ona gets pregnant and as a result, her job becomes an extremely difficult affair. Later, Ona gives birth to a boy who is named Antanas, in memory of Jurgis’s late father. Her bosses do not even sympathize with her situation since they compel her to resume working after just seven days of leave. Many mishaps in this region have ensured that families are easily ruined. For example, when Jurgis is injured, he is bedridden for a period of three months, unable to perform any work. His accident had been caused by poor working conditions at the factory, but, the factory does not consider this. Instead, they scrap him off from the pay list. Jonas is unable to put up with this misery, hence he runs away from the family without ever informing anyon e of his actions. The family’s problems are compounded because the youngest child of Teta passes on from poisoning. Jurgis does not give up at this point; and instead he takes a very long time trying to look for a job. He is so frustrated that he decides to take up a job in a fertilizer plant that is close to his home. He is forced to do this since he feels

UK Real Estate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

UK Real Estate - Essay Example These market-specific characteristics present reliable indicators regarding the UK economic status. The UK real estate sector forms part of the services sector. The main definition of service sector output pertains to the non-tangible, non-commodity aspects except agriculture, mining, construction and manufacturing. The services sector has four broad classification of services based on the national accounts: Distribution, hotels and catering (DHC); Transport and communications (T&C); Finance, real estate and business services (FRB); and government and other services (GOV) (Julius and Butler, 1998). The services sector has grown faster than the rest of the UK economy from 1970-97. For instance, the average yearly rates of growth for the service and manufacturing sectors were 2.6% and 0.7% respectively. Marketed services have registered yearly growth rates of 3% during the same period. Growth has been tremendous in financial services, business services, real estate activities, education and health services, and communications, particularly in computer software and cellular telephony (Gibson and Barkham, 1999). Boltho (2010) projected that the potential output growth averaged 2.9% a year over the last cycle that chalked up a faster growth compared to the previous cycle (2.4% a year; 1986-1997). The acceleration could be traced to exceptional factors: strong net inflows of migrants, a slight decline in the NAIRU (Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment), capital deepening and a trend towards high value-added sectors including financial services. The growth of the UK real estate property portfolio is also influenced by the level of technology on shopping trends, evolving consumer preferences, and the UK government intervention in project management and transportation. Real estate investment decisions respond to the current and future needs of the core business (Nourse and Roulac, 1993). A real estate company enters projects to generate a positive net present value for shareholders. This company will have the best opportunities for creating shareholder value within their portfolio of property assets. The opportunities come in the form of valuable development options, the exploitation of present market information and the utilisation of a well-developed property expertise. Amidst the need to attain net present value from property activities are some factors that may be deleterious to shareholder interests. These negative factors cover conflicts of interest between retail and property activity, negative reaction by external par ties such as shareholders, opinion formers, and analysts and an actual lack of genuine property investment expertise. The costs and benefit aspects of diversification into property activity explain the wide variation in property strategy and structure of this sector. The UK's economic cycle has been volatile compared to the other countries of the European Union, reflecting different economic policies, oil price rises and German unification. The UK economy exhibits different trade patterns, oil, company finance and the housing market. The UK government said a period of stability through low inflation and tight fiscal spending is essential so as to enable a sustainable and durable convergence with the rest of the European U

Study of existing Reverse Logistics framework Retail industry

Study of existing Reverse Logistics framework Retail industry Abstract: Reverse Logistics is a very complex and specialized area of any supply chain and it involves handling individual incoming parcels, opening and inspecting products, communicating with internal departments, customers and vendors and then directing products into disposition channels which will provide the highest value. Efficient Reverse Logistics system can transform an increasingly costly and complex returns management process into a competitive advantage. Integration of reverse logistics in specific retail sectors is critical for sustainability. The aim of this project work is to identify and examine the reverse logistics management in the retail industry in order to understand the existing application of reverse logistics and then propose relevant recommendations to improve efficiency in reverse logistics management. After critical analysis of the existing reverse logistics management in the selected retail sectors, potential ways to improve the efficiency of reverse logistics activ ities would be recommended in the selected retail sectors. Chapter 1: Introduction Twenty-years ago, supply chains were busy fine-tuning the logistics of products from raw material to the end customer. Products are obviously still streaming in the direction of the end customer but an increasing flow of products is coming back. This is happening for a whole range of industries, covering electronic goods, pharmaceuticals, beverages and so on. For instance distant sellers like e-tailers have to handle high return rates and many times at no cost for the customer. It is not surprising that the Reverse Logistics Executive Council has announced that US firms have been losing billions of dollars on account of being ill-prepared to deal with reverse flows (Rogers and Tibben-Lembke, 1999). While some actors in the chain have been forced to take products back, others have pro-actively done so, attracted by the value in used products. One way or the other, Reverse Logistics has become a key competence in modern supply chains. Many companies that, previously, did not devote muc h time or energy to the management and understanding of reverse logistics have begun to pay attention. Definition of reverse logistics In 1998 Stock defined reverse logistics as the role of logistics in product returns, source reduction, recycling, materials substitution, reuse of materials, waste disposal and refurbishing, repair, and remanufacturing (1998, p. 20). In a 1998 paper in the Journal of Business Logistics Carter and Ellram adopted a similar definition, calling it the process whereby companies can become more environmentally efficient through recycling, reusing, and reducing the amount of materials used (p. 85). If the focus of logistics is the movement of material from the point of origin toward the point of consumption (Council of Logistics Management 1999), then the focus of reverse logistics should be the movement of material from the point of consumption toward the point of origin. Rogers and Tibben-Lembke in their 1999 article emphasized a clear definition of reverse logistics drawn in essence from the Council of Logistics Managements definition given as follows, The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods, and related information from the point of consumption to the point of origin for the purpose of recapturing or creating value or proper disposal (Rogers and Tibben-Lembke 1999, p. 2) This dissertation focuses on the reverse logistics activities in the retail industry with an analysis framework concerning the cost-benefit, visibility-information flow and efficiency. A reverse logistics flow is more reactive with much less visibility. The figure 1 depicts a typical reverse logistics information flow for the retail channel. For instance, when a consumer returns an item to a retail store, the store collects he items to be sent to a centralized sorting facility. At the time, information about the item and its condition may be entered into retailers information system and forwarded to the processing centre. Figure Reverse logistics in Retail: an epitome of information flow Delineation of reverse logistics definition Since Reverse Logistics is a relatively new research and empirical area, there are other literature terms, like reversed logistics, return logistics and retro logistics or reverse distribution, sometimes referring roughly to the same. In fact, the diversity of definitions with respect to recovery practices is a well-recognized source of misunderstandings both in research as in practice (Melissen and De Ron, 1999) In this dissertation I would like to remark that Reverse Logistics is different from waste management as the latter mainly refers to collecting and processing waste (products for which there is no new use) efficiently and effectively. The crux in this matter is the definition of waste. This is a major issue, as the term has severe legal consequences, for instance, it is often forbidden to import waste. Reverse Logistics concentrates on those streams where there is some value to be recovered and the outcome enters a (new) supply chain. Reverse Logistics also differs from green logistics as that considers environmental aspects to all logistics activities and it has been focused specifically on forward logistic, i.e. from producer to customer (Rodrigue et al., 2001). The prominent environmental issues in logistics are consumption of non-renewable natural resources, air emissions, congestion and road usage, noise pollution, and both hazardous and non-hazardous waste disposal (see Camm, 2 001). Finally, reverse logistics can be seen as part of sustainable development. The latter has been defined by Brundland (1998) in a report to the European Union as to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In fact one could regard reverse logistics as the implementation at the company level by making sure that society uses and re-uses both efficiently and effectively all the value which has been put into the products. The border between forward logistics (from raw materials to end user) and reverse logistics (from end user to recovery or to a new user) is not strictly defined as one can wonder about what raw materials are, or who the end user is, in modern supply chains. For instance, used/recovered glass is a substantial input for new production of glass. A holistic view on supply chains combining both forward and reverse logistics is embraced by the closed-loop supply chain concept (Guide and van Wassenhove, 2003). Recovery practices are framed within the supply chain, and the encircling aspect of the process as a whole is therefore stressed: having either 1) a physical (closed-loop): to the original user (see Fleischmann et al., 1997); or 2) a functional (closed-loop): to the original functionality. Thinking in term of closed-loop supply chains emphasizes the importance of coordinating the forward with the reverse streams. Actually, whenever both forward and reverse flows are involved, co-ordin ation has to be minded (see Debo et al., 2003). This happens, either in closed- or open-loops (the latter refers to when neither the original user nor original functionality are in the reverse logistics process). Aim and objectives of the project Reverse Logistics is a very complex and specialized area of any supply chain and it involves handling individual incoming parcels, opening and inspecting products, communicating with internal departments, customers and vendors and then directing products into disposition channels which will provide the highest value. Efficient Reverse Logistics system can transform an increasingly costly and complex returns management process into a competitive advantage. Integration of reverse logistics in specific retail sectors is critical for sustainability. The aim of this project work is to identify and examine the reverse logistics management in the retail industry in order to understand the existing application of reverse logistics and then propose relevant recommendations to improve efficiency in reverse logistics management. In order to achieve this objective the project work would involve Identifying the key retail sectors in which reverse logistics has and will have potential importance Examine the various reverse logistics activities in the selected retail sectors Analyze the effectiveness of reverse logistics management from the perspective of efficiency, profitability and environmental aspects Propose recommendations to improve the efficiency of reverse logistics management Report organization The dissertation consists of five main chapters which is organized as follows Chapter 1 introduces the research topics as well as the main objective of this study. Moreover, this chapter provides some of the background information about reverse logistics. It also provides a brief detail of the research methodology and the organization of the dissertation. Chapter 2 provides the basic knowledge of reverse logistics process together with key success factors and barriers of effective reverse logistics management are introduced. The previous papers are discussed in the literature review section. Chapter 3 discusses the information about research design and data collection method. The section elucidates the research approach and the relevant frameworks to be included in the research conduct. This section discusses about the methodology of how the reverse logistics management is analyzed to address the research questions. Chapter 4 discusses the analysis related to the reverse logistics trends and the effectiveness of reverse logistics management from the holistic perspective of cost, efficiency and environmental aspects. The key drivers and persistent barriers for reverse logistics management for the selected retail companies are discussed. Lastly, chapter 5 concludes the result of the finding and the analysis. The recommendation and the discussion about the future research are discussed. Chapter 2: Literature review Background Retailers constantly focus on strategies to gain competitive advantage and to improve financial performance. In doing so, emphasis is more frequently being placed on logistics, including tactical initiatives such as automatic replenishment programs, real-time information sharing, and advanced demand management techniques designed to improve internal efficiencies (Li 2002; Daugherty, Myers, Autry 1998; Seideman 2002).However, retailers also compete on the basis of effectiveness, striving for increased customer satisfaction. One competitive tactic used to enhance customer satisfaction includes the implementation of liberalized product returns policies. By taking a more consumer friendly approach in their return policies, retailers communicate a higher level of service to patrons, and thereby increase customer satisfaction with ultimate goals of higher sales and profitability (Coopersmith 1990; Krapfel 1988). As a result of return policy liberalization, acceptance of product returns is now commonplace; returns are reported to be as high as 10-15 percent of sales in some retail industries (Rogers Tibben-Lembke 1999), and are thought to be even higher in catalog and internet retailing, with typical return rates of up to 40 percent (Rogers, Lambert, Croxton, Garcia-Dastague 2002). However, the acceptance of returns places stress on the retailers logistics function. Whereas typical logistics activities are engineered to optimize flows from producer to consumer, reverse logistics activities move product, information, and currency in the opposite direction. While significant efforts have been expended in streamlining and optimizing retail logistics activities, the accomplishments associated with these activities do not always directly apply to the reverse logistics process. The forward movement of goods through the supply chain generally results in large receipts of goods at clearly defined in tervals (such as when inventory levels reach critical safety levels, or at pre-specified and scheduled times), with the ultimate sale executed in smaller quantities to end-users. On the other hand, reversed supply chain flows are less predictable, occurring at various times and for various reasons, and thus, the costs of returns handling can be high (Rogers et al. 2002; Stock 1998). One area of concern related to reverse logistics that has been largely ignored by academic research and practicing retailers is the financial implications of reverse logistics activities, especially as related to firm liquidity. When products reverse directions in a supply chain, it can happen quickly and without notice. While effective reverse logistics activities generally result in value reclamation and increased cash inflows, there can be periods where significant unexpected cash outflows occur. This is often due to the time lag between the moment the firm recovers the value from the returned product and the assumption of costs incurred in the reverse logistics process. Therefore, financial management of the reverse logistics process becomes salient, and needs to be a retailer focus on an ongoing basis. Reverse logistics process: A typical reverse chain process is shown in Figure 2. But a distinction should be made between different categories of returns: Commercial Returns Returns for which there is an immediate demand at another market location or segment. Possible causes: customer dissatisfaction, catalogue sales, overstocks etc. Commercial returns occur in the sales phase or shortly after. Repairable Returns Defects and suspect components (modules/parts) from field (exchange) repair activities or products under warranty. Customer is entitled to a replacement product. End-of-use Returns Returned products/components which are not of longer use to the original owner, but for which new customers can be found. Reasons: end-of-season, end-of-lease, trade-in, product replacements etc. End-of-life Returns Items of no remaining use, which are processed due to contractual or legislative obligations. These returns are often collected and processed according to legislative obligations. Recalls Products recalled by the manufacturer due to a condition or defect that could affect its safe operation. Work on a recall is completed at no cost to the product owner. Other types of returns, such as refillable units and reusable carriers, are not included in this study. Figure Reverse logistics process Returned goods often go through the following activities depending on the return type: Product Acquisition Retrieval of the product back from the market. The timing, quantity, quality and composition of returned product need to be managed in close cooperation with other supply chain parties. Collection Logistical activities (such as transportation, consolidation, transhipment and storage) to obtain the products back from the market and transport them to facilities involved in the other stages. Sorting, Testing Disposition The classification (according to quality and composition) of returns and determination stage of the route the product will take in the reverse chain. Market and strategic conditions are taken into account in the disposition decision. Recovery The process of recovering value from the returned product by re-use, repair, refurbishment, recycling or other types of recovery. Redistribution Sales Basically, no value recovery has materialised until the recovered products, component or materials are brought back into a forward supply chain. Review of Past research works: Financial aspects of RL: Raimer (1997) indicated that returns are, and always have been, a fundamental part of retailing. His estimate was that reverse logistics account for between 5 and 6% of total logistics costs in the retail and manufacturing sectors. Daugherty et al. (2001), in a survey of US catalogue companies, reported reverse logistics costs on average to be 9.49% of total logistics costs. Rogers and Tibben-Lembke (1998) identified returns for different industries, with figures being recorded of 50% (magazine publishing), 20-30% (book publishers), 18-35% (catalogue retailers) and 10-12% (electronic distributors). Returns of merchandise bought over the Internet are expected to escalate as online sales grow. Consequently, companies in many sectors are facing a change of customer interface possibilities and subsequent supply chain dynamics (Rowley 2000). Returns are high because customers purchase online items on trial until they can handle them physically. Moreover, in mail order, especially ladies f ashion, return rates of 60% are common (Wheatley 2002). Given this level of returns, it is important to recognise that reverse logistics can have a significant bottom line impact on a company, and the ability to address opportunities may depend ultimately on management perceptions of reverse logistics (Stock 1998, Mason 2002). Autry (2005) argued that managers need to realise that effective handling of reverse logistics transactions can result in economic and strategic benefits. In practice, some companies seem to ignore the significance of reverse logistics to their supply chain, some companies have gradually recognized its importance, whilst others review reverse logistics as a strategic variable. It has been suggested that innovator firms that develop an expertise in reverse logistics activities and recognize them as a set of business processes that add value can potentially generate revenue, improve customer satisfaction, achieve significant cost savings and deliver a competitive edge in their various markets (Stock 1998, Carter and E llram 1998). Given such potential benefits from developing reverse logistics processes, it is important to recognize the existence of barriers that may hinder the implementation of reverse logistics processes. Ravi and Shankar (2005), in a study of the automobile industry, identified 11 barriers to the application of reverse logistics. These include resistance to change, lack of appropriate performance measures, lack of training related to reverse logistics, lack of commitment by top management and lack of strategic planning. Dowlatshahi, S. (2008) in his cost-benefit analysis for reverse logistics management considered and analysed the relevant literature in RL and identified the present state of theory in RL regarding cost-benefit. The research methodology used is exploratory case study approach. The cost-benefit is analysed and evaluated in terms of specific sub-factors associated with it by use of two in-depth case studies. Two companies from different industries engaged in RL operations are considered. The analysis of these case studies resulted in propositions and insights regarding RL operations. Based on these insights, the cost-benefit sub-factors, propositions, and a framework for effective design and implementation of RL operations are provided. This framework determines the appropriate sub-factors and how the return process of products/parts with respect to cost-benefit works. In conclusion, the managerial implications and future research directions were provided. There are several parties involved in the management of the reverse logistics process and the way in which such interfaces are managed is crucial in both environmental and economic terms. As returns management becomes increasingly recognised as an area of supply chain importance, retailers are either developing in-house capabilities or outsourcing the operation to third-party logistics (3PL) providers (Krumwiede and Sheu 2002, Meade and Sarkis 2002, Hughes 2003). These supply chain interfaces occur in a number of different ways. For example, interfaces occur between retailers and manufacturers, between retailers and 3PLs and between end customers and retailers. There are many tensions occurring between these different players in the process. Currently, some companies prefer to build a separate infrastructure in order to facilitate the operation of the reverse logistics process. Other companies want to optimize the utility of their physical network by combining the reverse operation w ith the forward operation. In addition, centralized returns are a related possibility when companies are considering the construction of their physical network. Environmental aspects of RL: Environmentally friendly practices and the need to maintain sustainable development are important aspects in the debate surrounding reverse logistics. By not embracing sustainability, organizations face consequences in terms of increased economic and social liability (Savits 2002). Sustainable development embraces the triple bottom line philosophy of not compromising the future needs of society, the economy and the environment. In many reports on corporate social responsibility, sustainable transport is a significant feature with attempts to cut harmful emissions whilst maintaining economic operations. A driving force behind the search for improvements in sustainable distribution was the document published by the Department of Transport (1998) entitled A new deal for transport: better for everyone. Efficient integration of forward and reverse logistics has a significant part to play in this process. In this drive for sustainable distribution, it is important to recognize that account ing has a role to play. Mention has already been made of Corporate Social Responsibility Reports. There is a danger that traditional models of accounting and finance are actively supporting and encouraging unsustainable organizations and institutions (Gray 2002). Accountants need to be engaged in debates about environmental strategy, the institutional framework (government incentives) needs to support environmentally sound behaviour, and the change agents (such as environmental accounting) need to be embedded within the organization (Larrinaga-Gonzalez and Bebbington 2001). Reverse logistics management: Many tools exist to support the management of the reverse logistics process. The literature identifies mathematical models to support supply and transportation decisions (Du and Hall 1997). Also, the management of inventory can be supported through a range of mathematical models and enterprise resource planning (ERP) information systems (Boykin 2001, Teunter 2002). Hu et al. (2002) put forward a cost-minimisation model for minimising the total operating costs of a multi-time-step, multi-type hazardous waste reverse logistics system. Keeping with the theme of green supply chain management, Sheu et al. (2005) presented an integrated logistics operational model to co-ordinate the cross-functional product logistic flows and used-product reverse logistics flows in a green supply chain. Information communication technology (ICT) plays a significantly growing role in supporting reverse logistics operations and Daugherty et al. (2005) called for resources to be focused on developing informat ion technology. In recent years there have been a number of developments and improvements in dedicated reverse logistics software (De Brito et al. 2002). Developments in satellite tracking systems have also enabled vehicles to navigate better their way through congestion and to monitor and improve fuel consumption. The continuing development of ICT offers opportunities for significant economic and environmental benefits in the reverse logistics process. Drivers of reverse logistics: There are a number of drivers of reverse logistics and many of these actually occur as a result of product and service decisions taken at the design and planning stage of product and service provision. Interestingly, Sciarrotta (2003) illustrates how Philips Consumer Electronics place great emphasis on trying to prevent returns rather than dealing with them later. In the retail sector, however, strategic decisions concerning on-shelf availability together with a liberal returns policy amongst retailers are significant factors in the level of returns. Legislative factors (e.g. WEEE Directive to be implemented June 2006) are also becoming increasingly important, with new legislation focusing on the need to dispose of and recycle products in an environmentally friendly manner. In summary, the literature review has provided an overview of the issues that need to be considered when reflecting upon the management of reverse logistics processes. The significance of reverse logistics processes, in terms of both bottom line performance and environmental impact, has been highlighted in the literature. Also, the need to recognise the drivers of reverse logistics is highlighted together with the requirement to manage the interfaces between different members of the supply chain. Finally, the literature has identified numerous tools that can be used to support the reverse logistics process, and opened up the possibilities for using accounting information in this context to facilitate improved economic performance, supply chain efficiency and sustainability. Determinants of reverse logistics (Ravi et.al, 2005) Economic factors both directly and indirectly (de Brito Dekker, 2003), legislation (de Brito Dekker, 2003), corporate citizenship (de Brito Dekker, 2003; Rogers Tibben-Lembke, 1998) and environmental and green issues (Rogers Tibben-Lembke, 1998) are the four determinants of reverse logistics taken into account in this research. These are briefly described below. Economic factors Economics is seen as the driving force to reverse logistics relating to all the recovery options, where the company receives both direct as well as indirect economic benefits. It is seen that companies continually strive for achieving cost savings in their production processes. If a firm does reverse logistics well, it will make money (Stock, 1998). The recovery of the products for remanufacturing, repair, reconfiguration, and recycling can lead to profitable business opportunities (Andel, 1997). Reverse logistics is now perceived by the organizations as an investment recovery as opposed to simply minimizing the cost of waste management (Saccomano, 1997). A reverse logistics program can bring cost benefits to the companies by emphasizing on resource reduction, adding value from the recovery of products or from reducing the disposal costs. Guide and Wassenhove (2003) give an example of the US firm named ReCellular, which by refurbishing the cell phones, had gained economic advantage. Thus, the economic drivers of reverse logistics lead to direct gains in input materials, cost reduction, value added recovery and also in indirect gains by impeding legislation, market protection by companies, green image for companies and for improvement in customer/supplier relations. Legislation Another important driver for the reverse logistics is legislation. Legislation refers to any jurisdiction that makes it mandatory for the companies to recover its products or accept these back after the end of life of the product. These may include collection and reuse of products at the end of the product life cycle, shift waste management costs to producers, reduce volume of waste generated, and the use of increased recycled materials. For example, the Waste Electrical Electronics Equipment directive encourages a set of criteria for collection, treatment and recovery of waste electrical and electronic equipment and makes producers responsible for financing these activities (WEEE, 2003). There has also been a restriction on the use of hazardous substances in the production processes, which facilitates the dismantling, and recycling of waste electronics. A reverse logistics decision for the EOL computers should ensure that the end-of-life products are retired in a way that is compli ant with existing legislation. Corporate citizenship Another driver for the reverse logistics is the corporate citizenship that concerns a set of values or principles that impels a company or an organization to become responsibly engaged with reverse logistics activities. Reverse logistics activities can lead to increase of corporate image (Carter Ellram, 1998). A good example in this context would be of Paul Farrow, the founder of Walden Paddlers, Inc., whose concern of the velocity at which consumer products travel through the market to the landfill, pushed him to an innovative project of a 100-percent-recyclable kayak (Farrow, Johnson, Larson, 2000). In 1996, Hanna Andersson, a million direct retailer of infants and toddlers clothes developed a program called Hannadowns in which they distributed the childrens gently worn returned clothes to schools, homeless shelters, and other charities (Spence, 1998). Nike, the shoe manufacturer encourages consumers to bring their used shoes to the store where they had purchased them after their usage. They ship these back to Nike plant where these are shredded and made into basketball courts and running tracks. Nike also donates the material to the basketball courts and donates fund for building and maintaining these courts, thus enhancing the value of brand (Rogers Tibben-Lembke, 1998). It is seen from the last two examples that few firms are acting as good corporate citizens by contributing to the good of the community and assisting the people who are probably less fortunate than their typical customers. Environment and green issues Concern for the environment and green issues is also one of the drivers of reverse logistics. The reverse logistics lead to benefits of environment (Byrne Deeb, 1993; Carter Ellram, 1998; Wu Dunn, 1995). Hart (1997) proposes that the principle of the ecological footprint indicates the relevance of greening initiatives for countries. Reverse logistics has led to competitive advantage to companies which proactively incorporate environmental goals into their business practices and strategic plans (Newman Hanna, 1996). Managers are giving increasing importance to the environmental issues (McIntyre, Smith, Henham, Pretlove, 1998). The environmental management has gained increasing interest in the field of supply chain management. Handfield and Nichols (1999) mention greening as a critical future avenue in this area. Murphy, Poist, and Braunschweig (1995) have found that 60% in a group of 133 managers surveyed considered the issue of the environment to be a very important factor and 8 2% of them expected that the importance would increase in the years to come. A green image of producing environmentally friendly products has become an important marketing element, which has stimulated a number of companies to explore options for take-back and recovery of their products (Thierry, 1997). A reverse logistics operations for EOL computers should ensure that the environmental and green issues are taken into account. Summary of literature review: This brief overview of the literature provides a framework for addressing the research questions identified in the study. The literature covers the definition of reverse logistics, the scale of the problem, the bottom line impact and potential barriers, the drivers of reverse logistics, supply chain interfaces, methods suggested in improving the reverse logistics process management and importance of sustainability issues. Chapter 3 Methodology: Research objective: The aim of this project work is to identify and examine the reverse logistics management in the retail industry in order to understand the existing application of reverse logistics and then propose relevant recommendations to improve efficiency

An offshoot of business process outsourcing Essay

1. (TCO 2) An offshoot of business process outsourcing which requires a greater skill or knowledge of the industry or inner workings of a firm is: 2. (TCO 3) How are the procurement responsibilities divided between the project manager and contract administrator? 3. (TCO 4) What is the difference between the Cost-Plus-Percentage-Fee (CPF) contract structure and the Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) contract structure? 4. (TCO 5) To assess the impact of a contract on both the buyer and seller, an analysis of exposure can be completed. Categories analyzed in this exposure analysis include all of the following except: 5. (TCO 6) Factors that may affect the BPO agreement structure include all of the following except: 6. (TCO 6) Sometimes a seller is selected based solely on lowest price. However, sometimes this is not always the most efficient or effective way of selecting a seller. What are some of the other evaluation criteria that a buyer may use to help select a seller? 7. (TCO 7) Issuing an RFP to only one vendor may be appropriate when: 8. (TCO 7) Explain the purpose of an RFP. What are some common elements of an RFP? 9. (TCO 8) What is an independent estimate and why should a buyer produce an independent estimate before selecting a seller? 10. (TCO 2) Part 1: Explain the various steps of the project procurement process. Part 2: Using the simple decision of packing and moving your home furnishing from the east coast to the west coast, provide an example of what you would do under each of the six steps of the project procurement process. Part 3: The buyer determines the contract pricing structure during which step of the project procurement process? 11. (TCO 1) Part 1: What are the four contract pricing structures available? Part 2: Describe the appropriate utilization of each and the impact of risk to the buyer and seller. Part 3. What contract pricing structure would you use if you had little to no scope defined? PROJ 410 Midterm Exam 2 1. (TCO 2) A firm should concentrate on its _____ processes while outsourcing its _____ processes. 2. (TCO 3) Explain the difference between a contract  administrator and a project manager in a procurement situation. 3. (TCO 4) What is the difference between the Cost-Plus-Percentage-Fee (CPF) contract structure and the Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) contract structure? 4. (TCO 5) To assess the impact of a contract on both the buyer and seller, an analysis of exposure can be completed. Categories analyzed in this exposure analysis include all of the following except: ______. 5. (TCO 6) Factors that may affect the BPO agreement structure include all of the following except: ______. 6. (TCO 6) Three commonly used evaluation criteria listed in an RFP are overall cost or financial proposal, reputation, and experience. What can the buyer glean from this information and how can the buyer use it to make a decision on a particular seller? 7. (TCO 7) All of the following are common RFP topics, e xcept: ______. 8. (TCO 7) Explain the purpose of an RFP. What are some common elements of an RFP? 9. (TCO 8) What are the two ways to rank the seller’s proposals before selecting a seller? 10. (TCO 2) Part 1: List and define the six phases of the project procurement management process. Part 2: How could you organize a simple project such as renovating a bathroom into the six steps in the project procurement management process? Part 3: The buyer determines the contract pricing structure during which step of the project procurement process? 11. (TCO 1) Part 1: Discuss the following types of contract pricing: (a) fixed price, (b) cost-plus price, (c) time & materials, and (d) unit price. Part 2: Explain the appropriate utilization of each contract pricing type and the impact of risk to the contracting parties. Part 3: What type of contract pricing structure misaligns the buyer’s motivations with the seller’s? 12. (TCO 3) Identify and describe the benefits that procurement outsourcing will bring to the organization. 13. (TCO 1) Discuss the importance of obtaining support for the process of Business Process Outsourcing. Who would be important to involve and why? PROJ 410 Midterm Exam 3 1. (TCO 2) A firm should concentrate on its _____ processes while outsourcing its _____ processes. 2. (TCO 3) What activities is the contract administrator responsible for in a contract situation? What about the project manager? 3. (TCO 4) What is the difference between the  Cost-Plus-Fixed Fee (CPFF) and the Cost-Plus-Incentive Fee (CPIF) contract structures? 4. (TCO 5) To assess the impact of a contract on both the buyer and seller, an analysis of exposure can be completed. Categories analyzed in this exposure analysis include all of the following except: ______. 5. (TCO 6) The Term, Contracting Party, Integration, Retained Assets, and Performance Standards are all: _______. 6. (TCO 6) List three commonly used evaluation criteria listed in an RFP and explain why a buyer would want this information before selecting a seller. 7. (TCO 8) What is an independent estimate and why should a buyer produce an independent estimate before selecting a seller? 8. (TCO 7) For most customers, requesting multiple bids is the preferred approach because it: _______. 9. (TCO 7) Describe the common sections of the RFP. 10. (TCO 2) Part 1: List and define the six phases of the project procurement management process. Part 2: How could you organize a simple project such as renovating a bathroom into the six steps in the project procurement management process? Part 3: The buyer determines the contract pricing structure during which step of the project procurement process? 11. (TCO 1) Part 1: Discuss the following types of contract pricing: (a) fixed price, (b) cost-plus price, (c) time & materials, and (d) unit price. Part 2: Explain the appropriate utilization of each contract pricing type and the impact of risk to the contracting parties. Part 3: What type of contract pricing structure misaligns the buyer’s motivations with the seller’s? 12. (TCO 3) Evaluate the most common business drivers for outsourcing business processes. Which two drivers would be among the most important? 13. (TCO 1) List and describe the directives to consider the process of outsourcing if you are a senior manager. COPY THIS LINK TO YOUR BROWSER: http://oassignment.com/PROJ-410-Midterm-Exam-03-Sets-1687.htm

Internet a Tool of Modern Age

Mass Media Society Abstract This paper shows the problems of mass media. Mass media is absolutely important for our life. However, as much as mass media plays an important role in our society, it causes some serious problems. Mass media makes citizens recognize misjudgments by distorting the truth. Most serious problem mass media can affect extreme power to our society. Mass media has been developed more and more as society has grown, becoming centralized authority in our society. Exaggerated contents of mass media affect bad sides to people-especially teenagers.Some people tend to believe mass media absolutely, so it is also becomes a problem. Television, internet, and advertising, nowadays, the most important medium of mass media brings some problems to each other, so these are issue in society which people have to solve. Mass Media Power The more society has grown, the bigger the market of mass media has been developed. Hibbert (2006) defined in the book  the power of media  t hat mass media is all part of television, radio, Web sites, newspapers, magazines and books. They deliver information to the public (p. 6).People can meet and understand their society through mass media. Before 1960s, mass media was not public. Some citizens could know how their society and economy were moved according to newspaper. Since 1970s when television was invented, the market of mass media has been developed. Now, most fields of mass media were created, so we can meet mass media really easily not only on the streets but also at home. We are living under the effects of mass media. However, this development of mass media brings some problems in our society as two sides of the same coins.Mass media crisis has rear up secretly because most media organizations do not want to be revealed to their problems frankly. Problems Mass media affects all fields such as politic, economy, government, culture and society. Almost all countries have their own problems of media. The most seriou s problem of that media is mass media can bring confusion of people value. For example, mass media is to make people agree their ideas or thoughts in terms of propaganda. The meaning of propaganda is â€Å"a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behavior of large umbers of people† (Propaganda, 2008). Find out how our expert essay writers can help you with your work†¦ Actually, this word was meaning of the things to be spread. However, now most people may know the word of propaganda is some information which is false or emphasizes one part of a situation, normally used by a government or political group according to Nazi propaganda (Bytwerk, 2005). Taylor (2001) revealed how Hitler implanted his ideology in their citizens: In 1933, Adolf Hitler appointed Minister for Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels.Goebbels had spread a lot of propagandas, contained the ideology of Hitler and Nazi. All journalists, writers, and ar tists were needed to register with one of the Ministry's subsidiary chambers for the press, fine arts, music, theater, film, literature, or radio. The Nazis believed in propaganda as a vital tool in achieving their goals. Adolf Hitler was impressed by the power of Allied propaganda during World War I and believed that it had been a primary cause of the collapse of morale and revolts in the German home front and Navy in 1918. Broadcasters and journalists required prior approval before their works were disseminated.Along with posters, the Nazis produced a number of films and books to spread their beliefs. (pp. 162-163) In the U. S. and South Korean government also by emphasizing red complex to their citizens through mass media like radio or newspapers, the governments make their citizens recognize the hostile attitude about all policies of socialism while they justifies their policies (Kang, 1997). These things are absolute examples of mass media’s problem. In addition, as mark et of mass media has been developed much, the authority of mass media has grown also.The power of mass media has been centralized too much, so it exercises extreme influence over any government. The contents of mass media have been contained exaggeration and violence more and more. This mass media makes people tend to believe absolutely. Mass media has strong authority in our society. Mass media became one most important way for people to deliver information since mass media has been developed. We can get a lot of information and knowledge easily through mass media like newspaper, magazines and books. Actually, there is no way for us to take new information except through mass media.Therefore, mass media could have great authority among our society. You can get expert help with your essays right now. Find out more†¦ Television Television is one of the most important media of mass communication. Common people may watch television at least one hour every day. Some people usually meet news through television and others may want to watch dramas or variety shows. We can watch a lot of programs according to our tastes through television. Nielsen media research (1998) reported: â€Å"Television was introduced to the U. S. A. t the 1939 World’s Fair in New York. After two years, the Federal communications Commission licensed and approved the first commercially available television stations. In 1950, about 9% of American homes had TV sets. Since 1985, television ownership has been about 98%† (cited in Bushman, 2001, p. 477). Since television was invented, media became very popular in our life. Now almost all families have television at least one at home. Television has developed since 1930th  as amazing invention can give people a lot of information and enjoyment visually and audially both.Most Americans watch television for 3 to 5 hours per day (Horvath, 2004, p. 378). As much as television has become famous to people, it causes many problems too. The violence of television’s programs has very serious effects. In television programs, we can easily see a recurrence of a case. It causes imitative crimes. Brandon Centerwall (1993), a professor at the University of Washington reported that from 1945 to 1974, 93% of the murder rate has been increased. It shows that television teaches violence, and it also makes people be unconcerned about violence.It can also cause antisocial actions. Television can bring addiction, which is one problem appeared since mass media was developed. TV addiction is similar with other addictions like drugs addiction or gambling. Especially TV addiction is bad for children. â€Å"A child who watched two hours of television a day before age three would be 20 percent more likely to have attention problems at age seven compared with a child who did not watch television† (Christakis, 2004). Television programs are contained to the violent acts and sensational contents more and more by pursuing commercial value.Moreover, they also maintain that television is forcing simple thoughts. Television gives us a lot of information but they can just give that. Viewers just can accept television’s information we cannot communicate with television. It is sure that the invention of television brought great development in our society. However, as the market of broadcast has been bigger, programs in television has been contained more violence and exaggerated. These things give children and teenagers bad effects, so all broadcast need to adjust their program contents. Internet Thatcher and Goolam (2005) said in their journal:The number of people using the internet has grown exponentially since the emergence of World Wide Web about ten years ago. No one is exactly sure how many people have online access. According to NUA Internet Survey (2002), it was estimated the number of internet users is approximately 600 million people in 2002 (Nua Internet survey, cited in Thatcher ; Goolam, 2002, p. 767). The popularity of the WWW, combined with the pervasiveness of computer technology in general, means that people are becoming increasingly reliant on technology and the Internet to conduct their day-to-day and work activities. p. 767) Although internet appeared as a new medium of media and it formed new society, internet is not mixed with society where we live, so it caused many problems. We can accept tremendous information via internet because people in all over the world could share their information on network. However, as much as there is a lot of knowledge, in internet there is also information not true and useless. Also, since internet was popularized, many illegal crimes have been happened through internet. These crimes committed through the use of computer are called cybercrime.Cybercrime is â€Å"a real and growing problem that costs governments, businesses, and individual computer users millions of dollars annually and that facilitates many of the same cri mes committed in real space, such as identity theft and the trafficking of child pornography, only on a larger scale† (Jones, 2007). The Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) revealed the U. S. A. lost about 240 million dollars from online crime during 2007: Find out how our expert essay writers can help you with your work†¦ Financial losses from online crime reported to U. S. uthorities reached a record high last year, topping nearly 240 million dollar. Taking into account unreported crimes the real figure is likely to be much higher. Auction fraud and other forms of cybercrime reported to the Internet Crime Complaint Center were up 40 million or 20 per cent from those reported in 2006. The IC3 received 206,884 complaints about internet crimes last year, more than 90,000 of which were referred to law enforcement agencies across the U. S. IC3, which serves as a clearing house for cybercrime, is a joint operation between the FBI and the National White Collar Crime Center.A lthough internet auction fraud was the most widely reported complaint to the IC3, other problem areas included non-delivery of purchases and credit card fraud. Computer hacking attacks spam and child abuse on the net formed the subject of other complaints. Commonly reported scams involved the purchase or sale of pets, cheque fraud, email spam, and online dating fraud. The report provides evidence that the U. K. is fast catching up with the U. S. in being a hotbed of cybercrime. Despite the fact that the IC3 study is supposedly a national US annual report, the UK is the source of 15. per cent of the crime reports, significantly ahead of other cybercrime hotspots such as Nigeria (Leyden, 2008). It is also commonly happened to be invaded person’s privacy and personal information on network. According to a survey of 1,000 U. S. adults conducted by TNS Sofres on behalf of digital-security company Gemalto (2008), about 60% of Americans are concerned about stealing their account pas swords when they bank online, and 38% do not believe online payments (cited in Swartz, 2008). Advertising Advertising is a part of mass media.Market of advertisement has been developed as much as we can see an advertisement per one minute. Nowadays most products make up of advertisement because each product has to be sold in infinity competition society. Now customers live in the flood of advertising. From the moment of opening eyes to going to bed, people are connected with advertising through television, radio, newspapers, magazines and catalogs. Human Communication research (1998) shows one adult can contact to 3,000 advertising during one day and he or she can memorize just 10 out of 3,000 (cited in Kim, 2000, p. 4). The market of advertisements has been developed. However, the problem of advertisements are inherent in function of information, entertain and persuasion, so they may not only make people’s life style changed but also promote decadent culture like alcohol, ci garette and sex. You can get expert help with your essays right now. Find out more†¦ Ellickson et al (2005) studied about how much advertising will affect to adolescents: Ellickson and other authors examine the relationship exposure to different forms of alcohol advertisingand subsequent drinking among U.S. adolescents and assess whether exposure to an alcohol and drug prevention program mitigates any such relationship. The sample includes 3111 seventh-graders drawn from 41 South Dakota middle schools, and they are exposed to television beer advertising, variables were constructed for four types of alcohol advertising – television, in – store displays, magazines and concession stands. The result of this experience is several forms of alcohol advertising predict adolescent drinking; which sources dominate depends on the child's prior experience with alcohol.Forty-eight percent of the non-drinkers in grade 7 qualified as past-year drinkers by the spring of ninth gra de, indicating a substantial amount of initiation over the period examined. (pp. 235-246). Like this, advertising affects to people, especially adolescents a lot. Actually advertising has a great of influence on customers and society. For example, there is a study that skinny models in advertising cause eating disorder of women and girl, so some countries took measures to ban ultra-skinny models from their catwalks (Diderich, 2007).People can meet the extreme number of advertising everyday, so advertising has to be made without exaggeration and fiction. Janese Heavin (2007) who is the Tribune’s staff, wrote the article about a study: University of Missouri-Columbia research said that looking at pictures of flawless models in fashion magazines can make even the prettiest women feel downright crummy. Laurie Mintz, associate professor of education, school and counseling psychology in the MU College of Education said most women know intuitively or subconsciously that when they lo ok at magazines they will feel badly about themselves.The study validates what women know in their own experiences but assume it is just theirs to deal with. Spearheaded by graduate student Emily Hamilton, who used the project to earn her master’s degree, the study asked 81 college women to rate how they feel about their appearance, from facial features to chest size. Some of the women were then asked to view magazine advertisements that used fashion models to sell products. Others looked at ads that showed products with no models.Those who saw the images of fashion models later reported having a more negative body image, regardless of their own attractiveness. This study shows women were equally affected by the images. It is been commonly believed that larger women or women struggling with eating disorders feel worse after seeing pictures of models, but the latest study indicates the images are bad for everyone. In conclusion, people have to be careful when accepting mass me dia’s information.There are not simple solutions to solve the problem of media. These problems of mass media like television, internet and advertising have bad effects on people especially the perfection of self during childhood. People should try to accept right information through mass media. Therefore, they need to improve critical thoughts for filtering correct acknowledge. Critical thinking might be helpful to accept which information is needed to us. Critical thinking is â€Å"mental processes of distinguish, analysis and evaluation.Critical thinking is a form of judgment, specifically meaningful and reflective judgment. Using critical thinking one makes a decision or solves the problem of judging what to believe or what to do, but does so in a reflective way† (Critical thinking, 2008). People have the right to criticize and punish media which is to destroy our emotion and ethics. People have to improve power of judgment. If people have ability to control informa tion in this information-oriented society, they may have precedence over other people who do not have.Need an essay? You can  buy essay help  from us today! Custom essay QUOTE ORDER a custom essay Please rate the quality of this essay: Good Neutral Poor Struggling with your essay? You can get your essay custom written by an expert in your subject area. Fully researched and referenced, the perfect model answer†¦ Get a quote here Share & download: Print Download Email Request the removal of this essay. Find out how UK Read more:  http://www. ukessays. com/essays/media/mass-media-society. php#ixzz2QiFaMPxA