Pregnancy and Breast Tissue - 1007 Words

Question 1 | 1 points | Save | | Examination of the vaginal and cervical surfaces with a special magnifying instrument is called a ________scopy. | | | | | | | | colpo | | | vagino | | | cervico | | | culdo | | | | | | Question 2 | 1 points | Save | | ________itis is the inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix. | | | | | | | | Intercervic | | | Endometr | | | Endocervic | | | Perimetr | | | | | | Question 3 | 1 points | Save | | ________tion is the production of nutrient-rich milk by the mammary glands. | | | | | | | | Galacta | | | Masta | | | Lacta | | | Mammota | | | | | |†¦show more content†¦east tissue microscopically | | | X-ray imaging of the breast | | | | | | Question 21 | 1 points | Save | | Measurement of the mothers pelvis to determine its capacity for a vaginal birth is called: | | | | | | | | Culdocentesis | | | Fetal monitoring | | | Laparoscopy | | | Pelvimetry | | | | | | Question 22 | 1 points | Save | | Surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis is: | | | | | | | | Culdocentesis | | | Laparoscopy | | | Amniocentesis | | | Conization | | | | | | Question 23 | 1 points | Save | | Visual examination of the abdominal cavity after making a small incision near a womans navel and inserting an illuminated tube is called: | | | | | | | | Conization | | | Laparoscopy | | | Fetal monitoring | | | Culdocentesis | | | | | | Question 24 | 1 points | Save | | Removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix for biopsy is called: | | | | | | | | Pelvimetry | | | Conization | | | Amniocentesis | | | Culdocentesis | | | | | | Question 25 | 1 points | Save | | Use of electrocardiography to record the fetal heart rate during labor is part of: | | | | | | | | Alpha-fetoprotein testing | | | Amniocentesis | | | Fetal monitoring | | | CVS | | | | | | Question 26 | 1Show MoreRelatedAdexna Uteri Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pagesmembranous sac surrounding the developing fetus amniotic fluid- fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus anovulatory- not accompanied by ovulation (release of eggs from the ovary) areola- dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple Bartholin Glands- two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse bilateral oophorectomy- removal of both ovaries cephalic version- pertaining to the act of turning the head cervix- neckRead MoreAbortion And Abortion Essay874 Words   |  4 Pagesscholarly peer-reviewed article by medical doctor Jane Anderson contains easily understandable information about the abortion-breast cancer link. The introduction of the article succinctly states that induced abortion (IA) prior to 32 weeks of gestation seems to increase a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer. Anderson then adds that the association between abortion and breast cancer is largely ignored by the mainstream medical community and even disputed by some. She then includes a quote by theRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Most Common Types Of Cancer811 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. â€Å"With 55,222 new cases in the UK alone in 2014†. (Cancer Research UK Org) http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/breast-cancer [02 April 2017] With hundreds of foundations and charities built for people s truggling with breast cancer there are a numerous amount of treatment and preventions. However, breast cancer is a disease where cancerous breast cells grow rapidly and out of controlRead MoreBreast Cancer is All Over the World1298 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer is all over the world. It doesn’t just affect older women, it affects young women and men. Breast Cancer is a cancerous tumor that has developed within the cells of the breast. The most ordinary area in the breast for breast cancer to develop is the ducts, and less ordinary in the lobules of the breast. The cancerous cells can intrude healthy breast tissue over time, or cells can break off from the tumor and travel to the lymph nodes and into the lymphatic system which could takeRead MoreScientific Writing : On Breast Cancer1594 Words   |  7 PagesShould fibroadenoma be removed? Do you think fibroadenoma causes breast cancer? â€Å"Women with fibroadenomas are 1  ½ to 2 times the risk of breast cancer with no breast changes.†(American Cancer Society, 2014) Fibroadenoma is a common benign breast lesion that occurs in young women between the ages of 15-35. (American Cancer Society, 2014) This tumor is painless with a small, firm, and well-shaped, it’s also easily moveable within the breast. This disease has a size of about 5cm but it conventionally varie sRead MoreBreast Cancer : Risk Factors And Prevention1526 Words   |  7 PagesBreast Cancer: Risk Factors and Prevention When malignant cells form in the tissues of the breast, breast cancer occurs. One in 8 women are diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime (Stuckey, 2011). Breast cancer also occurs in men; however, the number of cases is small compared to women accounting for only 1% of the breast cancer cases in the United States (Stuckey, 2011). Breast cancer is the third most frequent type of cancer in the world (Stuckey, 2011), and the second most common typeRead MoreAbortion During The Middle Of The 3 Millennium B.c1624 Words   |  7 Pagesand medicated. Medicated abortion depends what stage of pregnancy women has. It has to be less than 9-12 weeks. Medical or pharmaceutical abortion, this is a provocation of spontaneous abortion using drugs. Surgical abortion is the second type of abortion with using medical tools. Main methods of abortion are vacuum aspiration, dilation and curettage, and dilation and evacuation. The choice of the methods depends on the duration of pregnancy and the capabilities of a particular medical institutionRead MoreOne of the Most Well-Known Cancers in Todays Society, Breast Cancer1304 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer is one of the most well-known cancers in today’s society. Or is it? What does society know about breast cancer other than it obviously is cancer of the breast? Breast cancer is very well advertised with the pink ribbons, the commercials and advertisements, the Breast Cancer walks, and the promotional information given out regarding mammograms. In today’s world there are several cancers, but breast cancer is very prevalent among women and men. This paper is designed to rese arch whatRead MorePathogenesis And Treatment Of Breast Cancer1235 Words   |  5 Pagesout-of-control growth and spread of a group of abnormal cells, which can often times result in death. More specifically, breast cancer is a hormonally dependent disease, which causes malignancy in the epithelial cells of the ducts and/or lobules of the breast (Lippman, 2012). Therefore, â€Å"women without functioning ovaries, who never receive estrogen-replacement therapy, do not develop breast cancer† (Lippman, 2012). Genomic profiling has furthered research and understanding of this complex disease processRead MoreInformative Essay : Inflammatory Breast Cancer Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesInflammatory Breast Cancer Working as a nurse on a busy inpatient oncology unit can be rewarding. It is busy. It can be crazy. I see things that I would have never thought possible. Around Thanksgiving of 2012 I had a lady that came into the hospital with a host of problems. Before I could assess her and see what was happening, I had to peel off a very worn, purple, faux fur coat that was caked with blood. Removing her coat, I could see that her clothes were in similar shape. After going through

The Main Disagreements Between the Conservative, Labour...

The Main Disagreements Between the Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrat Parties The three main parties in UK politics, Labour, Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, are all based on greatly differing ideologies which can often lead to them having varying viewpoints on key issues. These differences can often lead to conflicts or disagreements between the parties over which policy will be most beneficial to the country. A particularly controversial and fiercely contested issue is the role of the United Kingdom in the future of the European Union. The Labour party are often considered to be pro-Europe although their policies do tend to keep Britains interests at heart. Their priorities for Europe†¦show more content†¦Like Labour, Liberals argue that the EU must be enlarged to guarantee its future survival although, unlike Labour, they do feel that EU institutions must be made more efficient. Another controversial political issue is that of constitutional reform. The Liberal Democrat and Labour policies in this area are very similar in the way that they both believe in devolution of power away from Westminster through regional assemblies. Both parties feel that many of the current political systems are outdated and must be modernised if political participation is to rise. The parties do differ however, on taxes. Labour have always strived to keep taxes as low as possible whilst attempting to strike a balance with good public services. The Liberal Democrats feel this can only be achieved if taxes are raised, therefore making the public pay for the improvements. As with the EU, Conservatives have greatly differing policies from the other two parties. They believe in the preservation of national sovereignty and traditional political methods. They are strongly opposed to the devolution proposed by the other parties and this even extends to Northern Ireland, which the Conse rvatives believe should be ruled from London. The whole issue of the welfare state and how much the state should provide for its people has been argued overShow MoreRelated‘the Major Uk Parties Agree More over Europe Than They Disagree.’ Discuss1277 Words   |  6 Pages‘The major UK parties agree more over Europe than they disagree.’ Discuss Throughout the history of European integration, the major UK parties have debated on all different aspects of Europe and the impacts of membership on Britain itself. From both these debates and party policies, it is clear to see that whilst there is generally a consensus over Europe, some issues have been a cause of disagreement among the major parties. In this essay I will analyse the policies and actions of the major UKRead Moreâ€Å"A written constitution, rather than gradual reform, is now essential for the UK to claim to be a modern democracy.†1246 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship between the different parts of government and citizens. Gradual reform, on the other hand, has no written record of the powers of government or a clear relationship between government and citizens; however, these are determined by laws that evolve with the current views and morals of Britain. A modern democracy can be interpreted differently by people and that is a fundamental reason for this conflict of interest. Some people, such as the Liberal Democrats, believeRead MoreAt The Heart Of The Field Of Comparative Politics Lie A1607 Words   |  7 Pagessubsequently identify the main differences between structural and interest-based explanations in comparative politics. Due to the lack of space, the ways in which they complement one another will be omitted. Finally, the essay will conclude by arguing that the main differences between structural and interest-based approaches revolve around their explanations on the causes of political developments, and their focuses on the individual. In order to fully appreciate the main differences between the structuralRead MoreThe Effect Of Qualification And Income Levels On The Political Status Of Different Birmingham Wards3923 Words   |  16 Pagesrelationship between levels of qualification and income, influence the political status of different Birmingham wards? I shall compare and contrast several different sources of data, as well as referring to my questionnaire results in my data analysis. My hypothesis was that wards which had a high level of social class and the majority of their population had level 4 qualifications and above, as well as a high level of household income; were expected to have voted in favour of the Conservative Party. WhereasRead MoreAustralian Politics And Its Impact On Social And Economic Issues3343 Words   |  14 Pagesclashing philosophies between two major parties dominating the system, however, the United States is faced with a greater political dichotomy stunting the growth of legislation on social and economic issues. In Australian politics, these parties are the Australian Labor Party and the Liberal National Party and in the United States the Democratic Party and the Republican Party clash. These parties lie on opposite ends of the traditional political spectrum. The ALP and the Democratic Party both lie on theRead MoreHow Well Does Parliament Perform Its Various Functions? Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesform of government acknowledges that it derives its power directly from the consent of the people. This sort of system ensures democracy and an active interaction between the people and their representatives. The three functions that I am going to focus on are Scrutiny, Representation and Law Making. Scrutiny is carried out in four main ways- Prime Ministers Questions, Select Committees, The Back Benches and The House of Lords. Prime Ministers Questions is a weekly opportunity for backbenchers toRead MoreRise of Parliament6961 Words   |  28 Pagesthese countries forever The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England. Its roots go back to the early medieval period. It took over more and more from the power of the monarch, and after the Act of Union 1707 became the main part of the Parliament of Great Britain, and later the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The origin of Parliament can be found in the times of the Anglo-Saxons. Anglo-Saxon kings were advised by a council known as the Witenagemot, to which belongedRead MoreBtec Level 3 in Business, Unit 1 the Business Environment18355 Words   |  74 Pages This usually means the work and responsibility is shared and so are the profits. Good examples of partnerships are dentists, accountants and lawyers. There is usually more money and ideas that can be put into the business. There may be disagreements between partners and this can affect the way they run their business. Depending on what contracts were drawn up, one of the owners may decide to leave and leave debts to the other owner or owners. Each partner has to take the risk of full responsibilityRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesof the world’s human population for the first time in history. He gives considerable attention to changes in city planning, patterns of urban growth, and important differences between industrialized Europe and North America and the developing world, as well as the contrasts in urban design and living conditions between different sorts of political regimes— communist, capitalist, colonial, and fascist. Particularly revealing are Spodek’s discussions of the influence of prominent urban plannersRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pageswithin-chapter Preface vii case illustrations—â€Å"In the International Spotlight† and â€Å"You Be the International Management Consultant†Ã¢â‚¬â€can be read and discussed in class. The revised or newly added â€Å"Integrative Cases† positioned at the end of each main part of the text were created exclusively for this edition and provide opportunities for reading and analysis outside of class. Review questions provided for each case are intended to facilitate lively and productive written analysis or in-class discussion

Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly Free Essays

I believe we’re in a recovery stage of the business cycle. All the index calculations suggest this. The GDP and CPI indexes have increased over the last year and few months but unemployment index has remained unchanged over the last few months. We will write a custom essay sample on Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The economy has stabilized and there is slow growth. GDP index shows a . 4 percent increase in the fourth quarter of 2012 and a 1. 8 percent increase in the first quarter of 2013. This increase suggests recovery. CPI index shows has increase 1. percent for all of 2012 and shows a steady increase every month in 2013. There’s also has been a steady increase every year since 2009. This increase also shows recovery. Unemployment index has remained unchanged in June 2013 at 7. 6 percent from May 2013. It has remain constant for the last 5 months at around 7. 6 percent. It has decreased slightly from June 2013 when it was 8. 2 percent. If the unemployment decreases, it’s possible that would set us up for an economic boom. Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly? There are many factors that create price of gas fluctuation; war in the Middle East creating a shortage and production problems creating a shortage. When there’s a shortage, prices go up. What will happen as more and more people in China and India decide to buy automobiles? As more and more people in China and India buy automobiles, the demand for gas will increase. The increased demand for gas will exceed the supply and will cause a shortage. The shortage of gas will increase the price of gas. What would happen if most US consumers decided to drive electric cars? If most US consumers decided to drive electric cars the demand of gas would significantly decrease. The US is ranked the number 1 consumer of petroleum. If the demand of gas significantly decreased in the US, the supply of gas would most likely exceed the demand and make lower gas prices. How to cite Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly?, Papers

Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly Free Essays

I believe we’re in a recovery stage of the business cycle. All the index calculations suggest this. The GDP and CPI indexes have increased over the last year and few months but unemployment index has remained unchanged over the last few months. We will write a custom essay sample on Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The economy has stabilized and there is slow growth. GDP index shows a . 4 percent increase in the fourth quarter of 2012 and a 1. 8 percent increase in the first quarter of 2013. This increase suggests recovery. CPI index shows has increase 1. percent for all of 2012 and shows a steady increase every month in 2013. There’s also has been a steady increase every year since 2009. This increase also shows recovery. Unemployment index has remained unchanged in June 2013 at 7. 6 percent from May 2013. It has remain constant for the last 5 months at around 7. 6 percent. It has decreased slightly from June 2013 when it was 8. 2 percent. If the unemployment decreases, it’s possible that would set us up for an economic boom. Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly? There are many factors that create price of gas fluctuation; war in the Middle East creating a shortage and production problems creating a shortage. When there’s a shortage, prices go up. What will happen as more and more people in China and India decide to buy automobiles? As more and more people in China and India buy automobiles, the demand for gas will increase. The increased demand for gas will exceed the supply and will cause a shortage. The shortage of gas will increase the price of gas. What would happen if most US consumers decided to drive electric cars? If most US consumers decided to drive electric cars the demand of gas would significantly decrease. The US is ranked the number 1 consumer of petroleum. If the demand of gas significantly decreased in the US, the supply of gas would most likely exceed the demand and make lower gas prices. How to cite Why does the price of gas fluctuate so greatly?, Papers

Cardiac Phsiology Essay Example For Students

Cardiac Phsiology Essay The study of cardio physiology was broken up into five distinct parts all centering on the cardiovascular system. The first lab was utilization of the electrocardiogram (ECG). This studied the electrical activities of the heart by placing electrodes on different parts of the skin. This results in a graph on calibrated paper of these activities. These graphs are useful in the diagnosis of heart disease and heart abnormalities. Alongside natural heart abnormalities are those induced by chemical substances. The electrocardiogram is useful in showing how these chemicals adjust the electrical impulses that it induces. The second part of this lab was a computer simulation program to illustrate a frogs electrocardiogram using various drugs in an isolated setting. The computer program entitled Effects of Drugs on the Frog Heart allowed experimental conditions to be set for specific drugs.The different drugs used were calcium, digitalis, pilocarpine, atropine, potassium, epinephrine, caffeine , and nicotine. Each of these drugs caused a different electrocardiogram and beats per minute reading. The calcium-magnesium ration affects the permeability of the cell membrane(Fox). When calcium is placed directly on the heart it results in three physiological functions. The force of the heart increases while the cardiac rate decreases. It also causes the appearance of ectopic pacemakers in the ventricles, producing abnormal rhythms (Fox). Digitalis affect on the heart is very similar to that of calcium. It inhibits the sodium-potassium pump activated by ATP that promotes the uptake of extracellular calcium by the heart. This in return strengthens myocardial contraction (Springhouse). Pilocarpine on the other hand acts to decrease the heart rate. It achieves this by assisting in the release of acetylcholine from the vagus nerve. Atropine on the other hand block acetylcholine receptors thus decreasing cardiac rate. By placing potassium directly on the heart, its extracellular conce ntration increases thus decreasing the resting potential. This brings the resting potential closer to threshold and weakens myocardial contractions. Epinephrines action increases the strength of contraction and of the cardiac rate. Caffeine is a stimulant that also increases the strength of contraction and of the cardiac rate. It inhibits phosphodiesterase that breaks down cyclic AMP thus causing an increase in cAMP levels. Nicotine actively binds to the nicotinic receptors causing stimulation of the parasympathetic ganglia. This in returns slows the heart rate. By listening to chest one can hear the actual mechanical contraction of the heart. Upon the closure of the valves a lub can be heard and the semilunar valves shut a dub is heard. Using this technique, diagnosis of a heart murmur can be made. The relative opening of the foramen ovale can cause this condition. Adding a device known as a sphygmomanometer and listening to the brachial artery is how blood pressure is taken. Blood pressure is highly dependent on cardiac output and peripheral resistance. Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. The resistance the blood receives flowing through the arterioles is peripheral resistance. As a result of this, blood pressure can be controlled by dilation and constriction of arterioles. Upon measuring blood pressure, on should be able to hear five phases of sound. These phases are:1. A loud clear tapping. 3.A loud thumping following the murmurs. In determining how fit we are a number of test can be used. This can include but is not limited to the ECG, blood pressure, and/or pulse rate. By taking the pulse under various conditions the maximum cardiac rate can be estimated. Trend wise, a non-athlete will reach their maximum cardiac output at a lower workload than an athlete. Although not completely accurate, this can be a very good indicator of fitness.In order to carry out the electrocardiogram experiment a number of materials needed to be obtained. Three disposable electrodes along with the electrode gel were needed. The BIOPAC program, Mac Computer, and the SS 2L lead (black, red, white) were used to collect data on the subject. The electrodes were connected to the body (skin). The black lead was placed on the anterior right leg just above the ankle joint. The same was done with the red lead expect placement was on the left leg. The white lead was placed on the right wrist just above the palm. After correct placement of the se electrodes, the SS 2L lead was connected to the CH 2 port. Lesson 3 was opened and the setup icon was clicked. After the setup as completed, record was clicked and the ECG recorded for 30 seconds. This was done while the subject was sitting relaxed. Using the I-beam tool, peak-to-peak measurements were taken. This value was the inter-beat interval. With that number, beat per minute was found (BPM = 60 / IBI). Essay On Telemachos EssayBibliography:The Parkinsons Institute. 29 Feb. 2000 Lieberman, Dr. National Parkinson Foundation, Inc. Copyright 1996-2000. 31 Mar. 2000Brady, John. Parkinsons Information. 1998. 13 Feb. 2000 Tuen, Charles M.D. Neuroland. 22 July 1998. 1 Apr. 2000

The Crucible, By Arthur Miller, Is A Fact-based Story About A Town Cal

The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is a fact-based story about a town called Salem and it's unjust people. Salem, was a town ruled and governed by religion. Things such as games, newspapers, or anything alien to their small town were considered evil. Though a strict, religion-based town might sound appealing to some, the town had many problems. One such problem was the witch trials that took place in Judge Hathorne's Court. In these trials little girls would sit in the front and the elder people in the back. Judge Hathorne would sit in the middle with the defendant sitting in a chair to the right. The defendant would be questioned and interrogated like any case held in court today. Then the girls in the front would put on a show that the person was "grasping them with a chilly hand " or attempting to kill them. After this the defendant would be sentenced, usually to hanging. I pitty those girls. It's amazing that a show put on by such adolesence could end a persons life without factual proof. I think, on a more positive note, that Tituba was a strong character in Salem. Tituba told the children stories of which they'd never heard. Tituba influenced them to think beyond which their parents and teachers had instilled and enlogged inside their heads. But my views aren't agreed with by Abigail who shouts, "She sends her spirit on me in church; she makes me laugh at prayer." (p44) Many times, Tituba is accused of witchcraft and "compacting with the devil." This is sad because all Tituba's intentions are two show the children that there'' more to life than Salem wants them to see. On the whole, The Crucible is a story that has greal moral and has many lessons to be learned(as well as other Arthur Miller selections)

What Is A Flat Character †Definition and Definitive Examples

What Is A Flat Character s What is a Flat Character? (And How to Fix One) â€Å"Riddled with flat characters† is perhaps the most damning thing you can hear from an editor or reviewer. An accusation that your characters read like a cardboard cut-outs is like a knife in the heart of any fledgling writer. But having a flat character or two isn't the end of the world  - or even the end of your story! And if you can learn how to turn a two-dimensional character into a three-dimensional one, you'll have a real leg up on all future character creation. Sometimes the hardest part is simply identifying when you  do  have a flat character on your hands... especially if you're not exactly sure what constitutes one. Which is why we want to illustrate exactly what is a flat character: with a clear definition, examples, and instructions on how to fix any flat characters you may come across in your writing. First off, let's talk about what this term means.What is a flat character?A flat character  is a character with little to no complex emotions, motivat ions, or personality. They also don't undergo any kind of change  to make them more well-rounded. In other words, they're the opposite of a "round character," who has a fully fleshed out profile and changes throughout the story. A flat character will typically:Have no internal conflictConform to a stereotypeNever experience character developmentLack a multi-faceted personalityWhereas a three-dimensional or round character will typically:Have internal conflictUndergo significant character developmentExperience mental and emotional changesHave a multi-faceted personalityFlat characters are also sometimes referred to as â€Å"one-dimensional† or â€Å"two-dimensional." Both of these monikers point to the same thing: a character who has very minimal complexity, and often renders the story less believable as a result. Are you accidentally writing a flat character? Learn more in this post Not all static characters are flatDon't make the mistake of conflating a flat character with a static character. â€Å"Static† (or its inverse, â€Å"dynamic†) strictly describes the amount of change that a character undergoes throughout the story. â€Å"Flat† is a referendum on the character's complexity. That means that, generally speaking, all two-dimensional characters are static, but not all static characters are two-dimensional. To learn more about the flip side of the equation, we wrote extensively about what makes a dynamic character here.Are flat characters bad?Again, having two-dimensional characters never spells automatic death for your book. And the occasional flat character can even benefit your narrative! Charles Dickens, for instance, was a genius at writing casts that were packed with memorable caricatures. Are Miss Havisham, Mrs Micawber, and Mr Jaggers flat characters? Absolutely - they have few complex characteristics and exist mostly to inter act with the main character of their respective stories. But does their flatness make them inherently uninteresting or irrelevant to the story? Not necessarily. Flat characters can fulfill a number of roles: they populate the environs of the protagonist’s journey, and can move the story along in a plot-driven book. You really just don't want your  main  character(s) to be flat, otherwise your audience will lose interest in them. Her animal friends are the most interesting thing about her. (Image: Buena Vista Pictures)6. Mary Jane from Spider-ManSummed up in one sentence: The girl next door who’s the object of Peter Parker’s affection. Purpose in the story: To be the damsel in distress whom Peter rescues time and time again.7. Karen Smith from Mean GirlsSummed up in one sentence: A popular high school student who isn’t the brightest bulb in the box. Purpose in the story: To be the comic relief. (Though, to be fair, she would unquestionably make a great weather reporter!)8. Mr Collins from Pride and PrejudiceSummed up in one sentence: A silly, pompous, vain, obsequious clergyman with narcissistic tendencies. Purpose in the story: To represent the stereotype of the silly, servile parts of British society that Jane Austen ends up eviscerating.So why do authors write flat characters?As you can see, authors utilize flat characters in a number of ways. Writers generally bring them out when:The story in question is extremely plot-driven. Genres such as detective novels and thrillers will feature more two-dimensional protagonists for this reason (i.e. Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes and The  Da Vinci Code’s Robert Langdon.)The story is simple enough that complex characters are unnecessary.  This is the case in many children's movies, such as the  Cinderella  example above.Minor characters are needed. These characters don’t need depth, as they exist in order to further a three-dimensional protagonist along on their journey.So a flat character isn't necessarily a  bad  character; it's all about how you use them. Some very popular stories make almost everyone into flat characters except the protagonist(s). However, when it comes to standard literature, it's usually best to steer clear when possible. As a general rule, the more complex and multi-dimensional you make your characters, the deeper you'll pull readers into the vivid world of you r story - and that goes for all  characters, not just the ones we see the most.Do you have any favorite flat characters? Have you included any two-dimensional characters in your own work? Let us know in the comments below.